Bad at Goodbyes

Crau Plain Grasshopper :: Prionotropis rhodanica
Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 079

On today’s show we learn about the Crau Plain Grasshopper, a critically endangered insect native to Western Europe, to the south of France, in the Provence region, in the Bouches-du-Rhone department, specifically found in the dry grasslands of the Crau Plain. Its scientific name is Prionotropis rhodanica, and it was first described in 1923.
For more information about conservation on the Crau Plain please see Conservatoire d'espaces naturels de Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur at https://cen-paca.org.
(00:05) Intro
(02:05) Species Information
(21:37) Citations
(23:47) Music
(28:51) Pledge

Research for today’s show was compiled from:
Bröder, Linda, Laurent Tatin, Anja Danielczak, Tobias Seibel, and Axel Hochkirch. 2019. "Intensive Grazing as a Threat in Protected Areas: The Need for Adaptive Management to Protect the Critically Endangered Crau Plain Grasshopper Prionotropis rhodanica." Oryx 53 (2): 239–246. – https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605318000170
Bröder, Linda, Laurent Tatin, Axel Hochkirch, Anja Schuld, Linda Pabst, and Aurélien Besnard. 2020. "Optimization of Capture–Recapture Monitoring of Elusive Species Illustrated with a Threatened Grasshopper." Conservation Biology 34 (3): 743–753. – https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13449
Bröder, Linda, Laurent Tatin, and Axel Hochkirch. 2023. "Quantifying Predation to Insects: An Experimental Approach." Global Ecology and Conservation 44: e02485. – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02485
Ecomuseum of the Crau. n.d. "The Crau Plain Grasshopper." Life SOS Criquet de Crau. Accessed May 18, 2026. – https://www.lifecriquetdecrau.com/en/le-criquet-de-crau/lespece/
Foucart, Antoine, and Michel Lecoq. 1996. "Biologie et dynamique des populations de Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 dans la plaine de la Crau (France) (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 101 (1): 75–87. – https://doi.org/10.3406/bsef.1996.17220
Foucart, Antoine, and Michel Lecoq. 1998. "Major Threats to a Protected Grasshopper, Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae, Akicerinae), Endemic to Southern France." Journal of Insect Conservation 2 (3): 187–193. – https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009691612698
Foucart, Antoine, Michel Lecoq, and R. Sieglstetter. 1999. "Alarm on an Endemic Protected Grasshopper of the Crau Plain (Southern France), Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae)." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 35 (3-4): 337–340. – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291864068_Alarm_on_an_endemic_protected_grasshopper_of_the_Crau_plain_Southern_France_Prionotropis_hystrix_rhodanica_Orthoptera_Pamphagidae
Hochkirch, Axel, Laurent Tatin, and Mark Stanley Price. 2015. Crau Plain Grasshopper Conservation Strategy. Technical Report. IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group. – https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3933.3925
Hochkirch, A. & Tatin, L. 2016. Prionotropis rhodanica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T15038481A47713628. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15038481A47713628.en
iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?captive=false&nelat=43.60771507014928&nelng=4.966360194513175&quality_grade=research&subview=map&swlat=43.499515082721146&swlng=4.812502979314948&view=species
Piry, Sylvain, Karine Berthier, Laurence Streiff, Stephane Cros-Arteil, Antoine Foucart, Laurent Tatin, Linda Bröder, Axel Hochkirch, and Marie-Pierre Chapuis. 2018. "Fine-Scale Interactions Between Habitat Quality and Genetic Variation Suggest an Impact of Grazing on the Critically Endangered Crau Plain Grasshopper (Pamphagidae: Prionotropis rhodanica)." Journal of Orthoptera Research 27 (1): 61–73. – https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.27.15036
Streiff, R., P. Audiot, Antoine Foucart, and Michel Lecoq. 2006. "Genetic Survey of Two Endangered Grasshopper Subspecies, Prionotropis hystrix rhodanica and Prionotropis hystrix azami (Orthoptera, Pamphagidae): Within- and Between-Population Dynamics at the Regional Scale." Conservation Genetics 7 (3): 331–344. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-005-9043-3
Tatin, Laurent, Raphaël Streiff, Antoine Foucart, and Gilles Besnard. 2013. "Chapitre 6: Présentation de l'espèce: Le criquet rhodanien." In Écologie et conservation d'une steppe méditerranéenne: la plaine de Crau, edited by Laurent Tatin, Axel Wolff, Jean Boutin, Etienne Colliot, and Thierry Dutoit, 93–102. Versailles: Éditions Quae. – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326389866_Le_criquet_rhodanien
Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouches-du-Rhône

Please find us on the web at Bad at Goodbyes and on instagram. Please subscribe and rate/review Bad at Goodbyes wherever you listen to podcasts. Please help spread the word about the show and about the species we feature. Please take care of each other, and all of our fellow travelers.

A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong! If you are using this podcast for scholarship of any kind, please see the cited sources and double-check all information.

Torrey Pine :: Pinus torreyana
Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 078
On today’s show we learn about the Torrey Pine, a critically endangered evergreen conifer, native to the North American Pacific coast, with two populations in California, one near San Diego and one on Santa Rosa Island near Santa Barbara. Its scientific name is Pinus torreyana and it was first described in 1855.
(00:05) Intro
(02:05) Species Information
(22:46) Citations
(24:29) Music
(30:39) Pledge

For more information about Torrey Pines conservation, please see the Torrey Pine Conservancy at https://www.torreypines.org

Research for today’s show was compiled from:
American Conifer Society. n.d. “Pinus torreyana.” American Conifer Society. – https://conifersociety.org/conifers/pinus-torreyana
Biondi, Franco, Daniel R. Cayan, and Wolfgang H. Berger. 1997. "Dendroclimatology of Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carr.)." The American Midland Naturalist 138 (2): 237–51. – https://doi.org/10.2307/2426817
California State Parks. n.d. "Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve." Accessed May 16, 2026. – https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=657
Di Santo, L.N., Mead, A., Wright, J.W. and Hamilton, J.A. (2025), Genetic Basis of Reproductive Isolation in Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry): Insights From Hybridization and Adaptation. Evolutionary Applications, 18: e70094. – https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70094
Di Santo, L. N., Hoban, S., Parchman, T. L., Wright, J. W., & Hamilton, J. A. (2022). Reduced representation sequencing to understand the evolutionary history of Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana parry) with implications for rare species conservation. Molecular Ecology, 31, 4622–4639. – https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16615
Esser, Lora L. 1993. "Pinus torreyana." In Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. – https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/pintor/all.html
Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus torreyana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T42424A2979186. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42424A2979186.en
Hamilton, Jill A., Alayna Mead, Jessica W. Wright, and Mikhail V. Matz. 2017. "Genetic Conservation and Management of the California Endemic, Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana Parry): Implications of Genetic Rescue in a Genetically Depauperate Species." Ecology and Evolution 7 (18): 7370–81. – https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3306
Johnson, M., Vander Wall, S.B. & Borchert, M. A comparative analysis of seed and cone characteristics and seed-dispersal strategies of three pines in the subsection Sabinianae . Plant Ecology 168, 69–84 (2003). – https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024470224134
McMaster, Gregory S., and Paul H. Zedler. 1981. "Delayed Seed Dispersal in Pinus torreyana (Torrey Pine)." Oecologia 51 (1): 62–66. – https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00344654
Steele, Stephanie, and Christa Horn. 2021. "The Torrey Pine." Zoonooz, January 20, 2021. – https://sandiegozoowildlifealliance.org/story-hub/zoonooz/the-torrey-pine
Tianshi, E., Chau, P.C. Foliar water uptake in the needles of Pinus torreyana. Plant Ecology 223, 465–477 (2022). - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-022-01222-z
Wells, Molly L., and Arthur Getis. 1999. "The Spatial Characteristics of Stand Structure in Pinus torreyana." Plant Ecology 143 (2): 153–70. – https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009866702320
Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrey_pine
Williams, A., Still, C., Fischer, D., & Leavitt, S. (2008). The influence of summertime fog and overcast clouds on the growth of a coastal Californian pine: a tree-ring study. Oecologia, 156(3), 601-611. Pubmed ID: 18368424. – http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1025-y

Please find us on the web at Bad at Goodbyes and on instagram. Please subscribe and rate/review Bad at Goodbyes wherever you listen to podcasts. Please help spread the word about the show and about the species we feature. Please take care of each other, and all of our fellow travelers.

A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong! If you are using this podcast for scholarship of any kind, please see the cited sources and double-check all information.

Sociable Lapwing :: Vanellus gregarius
Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 077

On today’s show we learn about the Sociable Lapwing, a critically endangered migratory avian, a bird, native to breeding grounds in Kazakhstan and wintering sites in Sudan, India, Pakistan, and in small pockets across the Middle East. Its scientific name is Vanellus gregarius and it was first described in 1771.
(00:05) Intro
(02:05) Species Information
(26:56) Citations
(28:55) Music
(36:53) Pledge

Research for today’s show was compiled from:
Berdahl, Andrew M., Albert B. Kao, Andrea Flack, Peter A. H. Westley, Edward A. Codling, Iain D. Couzin, Anthony I. Dell, and Dora Biro. 2018. "Collective Animal Navigation and Migratory Culture: From Theoretical Models to Empirical Evidence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373 (1746): 20170009. – https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0009
Bhagwat, T., Urazaliyev, R., Nill, L. et al. Habitat suitability for Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius) increases across its global range, but populations continue to decline. Journal of Ornithology. – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-025-02357-2
BirdLife International. 2019. Vanellus gregarius (amended version of 2018 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22694053A155545788. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22694053A155545788.en
Biricik, M. (2009). Unexpectedly large number of Sociable Lapwings, Vanellus gregarius, on autumn migration in Turkey and some remarks on the stopover site. Ornithological Society of the Middle East. n.d. Sandgrouse. Vol. 31. 15-17. – https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44744626
Donald, P.F., Kamp, J., Green, R.E. et al. Migration strategy, site fidelity and population size of the globally threatened Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Journal of Ornithology 162, 349–367 (2021). – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-020-01844-y
Eichhorn, G. & Heinicke, T. Notable observations of the Sociable Plover Vanellus gregarius from Tengiz-Korgalzhyn area- central Kazakstan. Wader Study Group Bulletin. 93: 73-76. – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304571137_Notable_observations_of_the_Sociable_Plover_Vanellus_gregarius_from_the_Tengiz_-_Korgalzhyn_area_central_Kazakstan
Fijen, Thijs. (2013). Xeno-Canto. Sound Recording. XC145086. – www.xeno-canto.org/145086
Gallo Orsi, Umberto, and Canan Orhun, comps. 2008. "Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)." In Review of the Implementation and the Effectiveness of 15 Single Species Action Plans for Migratory Waterbird Species, 55–56. AEWA Technical Series No. 30. Bonn, Germany: UNEP/AEWA Secretariat. – https://www.unep-aewa.org/sites/default/files/publication/ts30_ssap_review_final_0_0.pdf
iNaturalist – https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=50.636602954&nelng=70.232115181&quality_grade=research&subview=map&swlat=50.336026198&swlng=69.740476998&view=species
Kamp, J., Sheldon, R.D., Koshkin, M.A., Donald, P.F. And Biedermann, R. (2009), Post-Soviet steppe management causes pronounced synanthropy in the globally threatened Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Ibis, 151: 452-463. – https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00938.x
Keijl, Guido, Simon Delany, Jeff Kirby, and Tim Dodman. 2009. "Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius." In An Atlas of Wader Populations in Africa and Western Eurasia, edited by Simon Delany, Derek Scott, Tim Dodman, and David Stroud, 171–174. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wetlands International – https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276264669_Sociable_Lapwing_Vanellus_gregarius
Lambert, Frank (2025). Xeno-Canto. Sound Recording. XC1030408. – www.xeno-canto.org/1030408
Moldován, I. & Sándor, A. (2010). "Observation of a large flock of sociable Lapwings Vanellus gregarius in southeast Egypt". Ornithological Society of the Middle East. n.d. Sandgrouse. Vol. 32. – https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44754785
Sheldon, R.D., Kamp, J., Koshkin, M.A. et al. Breeding ecology of the globally threatened Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius and the demographic drivers of recent declines. Journal of Ornithology 154, 501–516 (2013). – https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-012-0921-4
Sheldon, R.D., Koshkin, M.A., Kamp, J., Dereliev, S., Donald, P.F., & Jbour, S. (Compilers). 2012. International Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius). CMS Technical Series No. 28, AEWA Technical Series No. 47. Bonn, Germany – https://www.unep-aewa.org/publication/international-single-species-action-plan-conservation-sociable-lapwing-ts-no-47
Watson, M., Wilson, J.M., Koshkin, M., Sherbakov, B., Karpov, F., Gavrilov, A., Schielzeth, H., Brombacher, M., Collar, N.J. And Cresswell, W. (2006), Nest survival and productivity of the critically endangered Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius. Ibis, 148: 489-502. – https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00555.x
Wiersma, P., G. M. Kirwan, and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. – https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.soclap1.0
Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociable_lapwing

Please find us on the web at Bad at Goodbyes and on instagram. Please subscribe and rate/review Bad at Goodbyes wherever you listen to podcasts. Please help spread the word about the show and about the species we feature. Please take care of each other, and all of our fellow travelers.

A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong! If you are using this podcast for scholarship of any kind, please see the cited sources and double-check all information.

Floating Quillwort :: Isoetes wormaldii
Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 076

On today’s show we learn about the Floating Quillwort, a critically endangered freshwater semi-aquatic plant native to South Africa, specifically to the Eastern Cape province, found roughly 25 miles from the coast. Its scientific name is Isoetes wormaldii and it was first described in 1906.
(00:05) Intro
(02:05) Species Information
(19:13) Citations
(20:57) Music
(27:10) Pledge

Research for today’s show was compiled from:
Azzella, M. M., Vecchia, A. D., Abeli, T., Alahuhta, J., Amoroso, V. B., Ballesteros, E., Bertrin, V., Brunton, D., Bobrov, A. A., Caldeira, C., Ceschin, S., Chemeris, E. V., Čtvrtlíková, M., de Winton, M., Gacia, E., Grishutkin, O. G., Hofstra, D., Ivanova, D., Ivanova, M. O., … Bolpagni, R. (2024). Global assessment of aquatic Isoëtes species ecology. Freshwater Biology, 69, 1420–1437. – https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.14316
Freund, F. D. (2022). The Genus Isoëtes L., evolution, diversification and population structure in a free-sporing heterosporous lycophyte. UC Berkeley. ProQuest ID: Freund_berkeley_0028E_21171. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m5nx0dn2. – https://escholarship.org/uc/item/937695n1
iNaturalist – https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?lat=-33.33523469222247&lng=26.571899142994628&quality_grade=research&radius=1.6281024631201406
Larsén, E., Wikström, N., Khodabandeh, A. et al. Phylogeny of Merlin’s grass (Isoetaceae): revealing an “Amborella syndrome” and the importance of geographic distribution for understanding current and historical diversity. BMC Ecology and Evolution v 22, 32 (2022). – https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-022-01988-w
Larsén, E., Khodabandeh, A. & Rydin, C. (2025). Spore morphology and evolution in Isoëtes (Isoëtales). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, boaf078 – https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaf078
Mucina, Ladislav, Michael C. Rutherford, Johannes L. Nel, Jan H. J. Vlok, Doug I. W. Euston-Brown, Leslie W. Powrie, Anthony P. Dold, and Robert A. Ward. 2006. "Azonal Vegetation." In The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, edited by Ladislav Mucina and Michael C. Rutherford, 614–648. Strelitzia 19. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. – https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2006_Strelitzia19.pdf
Sim, T. R. 1915. The Ferns of South Africa, Containing Descriptions and Figures of the Ferns and Fern Allies of South Africa. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press. – https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51313623
Victor, J. E., and A. P. Dold. 2003. "Threatened Plants of the Albany Centre of Floristic Endemism, South Africa." South African Journal of Science 99 (9/10): 437–446. – https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC97693
Victor, J. E., & Dold, A. P. (2007). "Isoetes wormaldii Sim". National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2024.1. South African National Biodiversity Institute. – http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=2184-15
Victor, J.E. & Dold, A.P. 2010. Isoetes wormaldii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T185429A8409995. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T185429A8409995.en
Wickell, D., Kuo, LY., Yang, HP. et al. Underwater CAM photosynthesis elucidated by Isoetes genome. Nature Communications v.12, 6348 (2021). – https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26644-7
Wood D, Besnard G, Beerling DJ, Osborne CP, Christin PA (2020) Phylogenomics indicates the “living fossil” Isoetes diversified in the Cenozoic. PLOS ONE 15(6): e0227525. – https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227525
Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoetes

Please find us on the web at Bad at Goodbyes and on instagram. Please subscribe and rate/review Bad at Goodbyes wherever you listen to podcasts. Please help spread the word about the show and about the species we feature. Please take care of each other, and all of our fellow travelers.

A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong! If you are using this podcast for scholarship of any kind, please see the cited sources and double-check all information.

Galápagos Damselfish :: Azurina eupalama
Bad at Goodbyes :: Episode 075

On today’s show we learn about the Galápagos Damselfish, a critically endangered, possibly extinct marine fish native to the ocean waters of the Galápagos Islands, an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, a province of Ecuador, roughly 600 miles west of the South American Ecuadorian coast. Its scientific name is Azurina eupalama and it was first described in 1903.
(00:05) Intro
(02:05) Species Information
(23:33) Citations
(25:41) Music
(31:44) Pledge

For more information about conservation on the Galápagos Islands, please see the Galápagos Conservancy at https://www.galapagos.org.
Research for today’s show was compiled from:
Aguilar-Medrano, R., Frédérich, B., De Luna, E., Balart, E. F. "Patterns of morphological evolution of the cephalic region in damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) of the Eastern Pacific". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 102, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 593–613. – https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01586.x
Butler, Rhett Ayers. "Is the Galápagos damselfish extinct?" Mongabay, April 7, 2026. – https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/is-the-galapagos-damselfish-extinct/
Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Galápagos Islands. 2011. Eds. I. Larrea and G. Di Carlo. WWF and Conservation International, USA – https://www.cbd.int/doc/lifeweb/Ecuador/images/ClimateChangeReport.pdf
Cominsky, E. 2020. "Azurina eupalama" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 20, 2026. – https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Azurina_eupalama/
Grove, J.S., Bensted-Smith, W., Brandt, M., Domínguez, O., Espinoza, E., Keith, I., Rivera, F.E., Suárez, J., Tapia, I. & Tirado-Sánchez, N. 2023. "Azurina eupalama". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023: e.T184017A217449660. – https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T184017A217449660.en
Grove, J. S., & Victor, B. C. (2025). "Has climate change driven the Galapagos Damselfish, Azurina eupalama, to extinction?" Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 42, 7–14.. – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14846312
Grove, Jack. (1985). "Influence of the 1982/1983 El Niño event on the icthyofauna of the Galapagos islands". Tropical Ocean-Atmospheric Newsletter Vol.28 pp. 18-19. – https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tropical_Ocean_atmosphere_Newsletter/xR4eAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA24-PA18&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22ichthyofauna%20on%20the%20Gal%C3%A1pagos%22
Heller, Edmund and Snodgrass, Robert Evans. (1903). "Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898-1899. XV. New fishes." Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 5: 189-229. Washington, D.C: The Academy. – https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17224271
iNaturalist – https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?nelat=1.6818345&nelng=-89.2412769&swlat=-1.4112351&swlng=-92.0089666
Kelly, J., Pan, Y., Menzer, A., Dong, H. 2023 "Hydrodynamics of body–body interactions in dense synchronous elongated fish schools". Physics of Fluids v. 35 (4): 041906. – https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0142950
McCosker, John E., and Richard H. Rosenblatt. 2010. "The Fishes of the Galápagos Archipelago: An Update." Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 61, Supplement II, no. 11: 167–95. – https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/63419300
Parmentier, Eric, David Lecchini, and David A. Mann. 2016. "Sound Production in Damselfishes." In Biology of Damselfishes, edited by Bruno Frédérich and Eric Parmentier, 204–228. Boca Raton: CRC Press. – https://www.hawaii.edu/behavior/490E/Parmentier%20et%20al.%202010.%20Sound%20production%20in%20damselfishes.pdf
Rastoin-Laplane, E., Salinas-de-León, P., Goetze, J.S., Saunders, B.J., McKinley, S.J., Norris, C., Gosby, C., Mattingly, A., Garcia, R., Harvey, E.S. "Fluctuations of Galapagos mid-water and benthic reef fish populations during the 2015–16 ENSO". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 294 (2023). – https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108523
Simons, Eric. "The Fish We Never Knew: A Brief History of an Extinct Fish and What to Think About It." Bay Nature, April 16, 2014 (updated August 19, 2021). – https://baynature.org/2014/04/16/science-nature/wildlife/fish-never-knew/
Wainwright, D. K., Karan, E. A., Collar, D. C. "Evolutionary patterns of scale morphology in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 135, Issue 1, January 2022, Pages 138–158. – https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab140
Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galapagos_damsel

Please find us on the web at Bad at Goodbyes and on instagram. Please subscribe and rate/review Bad at Goodbyes wherever you listen to podcasts. Please help spread the word about the show and about the species we feature. Please take care of each other, and all of our fellow travelers.
A note on accuracy: I strive for it! These episodes are well-researched and built from scholarly sources, hoping to provide an informed and accurate portrait of these species. That said, I’m a musician! I am not an academic and have limited scientific background. I may get things wrong! If you are using this podcast for scholarship of any kind, please see the cited sources and double-check all information.