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In November of 1965, a young lawyer published a book called Unsafe at Any Speed about the dangers of driving a Chevy Corvair. The car could become unstable and possibly flip if driven in poor conditions or without proper training. The lawyer? Ralph Nader.
It took a while for the book to find its audience, but soon it was on bookshelves across the US and made a celebrity our of Nader. Soon he and his "Nader's Raiders" were on a spree, advocating for consumer safety.
This movement was met with skepticism and fear in the industrial community. Who did this guy think he was? Americans didn't need "big government" looking over their shoulders! Well, that's what big corporate leaders thought. They set out to dismantle the consumer safety movement and to convince conservative religious people that safety was actually creeping government interference.
My special guest for this episode is Rick Perlstein, author of The Invisible Bridge and Reaganland.
Sources:
Chevy Corvair ad
Reaganland by Rick Perlstein
Road and Track article about the Corvair
Washington Post article about the UAW strike
One Nation Under God by Kevin Kruse
Article with fun pictures from the Ad Council campaigns
Christian Reconstruction by Michael McVicar
Reagan's "I'm From the Government and I'm Here to Help"
Listen, America! by Jerry Falwell p73, paperback, Bantam edition, August 1980
Discussion Questions:
What do you think about the government involvement in the Chevy Corvair?
How has product safety impacted your life?
Is the government small, big, or somewhere in between?
Do you remember Ralph Nader?
Is it okay for big business to use advertising to change American minds about the government and economics?
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31:42
Republicans and Evangelicals I The Failure of Supply-Side Economics
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Gerald Ford's administration was in trouble. The country was experiencing stagflation, where prices were going up but employment was going down. What could he do? He announced his desire to lower taxes. This proposal was met with opposition by... Ronald Reagan. Reagan was worried that these cuts would increase the national debt. Then, just a few years later, Reagan changed his mind.
Two major things happened. One was the invention of supply-side economics (also called trickle-down economics) and the other was the tax revolt of the 1970s.
Supply-side economics was invented by an economist named Arthur Laffer. His ideas were based on an old concept but with a new twist. Laffer and his friends published their ideas in The Wall Street Journal and shared them with people like Dick Cheney.
Author and historian Rick Perlstein joins us for this episode. His books are The Invisible Bridge and Reaganland.
Sources:
The Invisible Bridge and Reaganland by Rick Perlstein
NPR story about Laffer's napkin legend
International Inequalities Institute study of supply-side economics
Investopedia article comparing inflation rates
Reagan's "Restore America" speech
Ford Library's documents about Reagan's inaccuracies in his speech
Federal Reserve article about inflation. Here's another
History of COVID stimulus payments
Investopedia article on Keynes
Zombie Economics by John Quiggin
Historical tax bracket rates
Proposition 13 article
Discussion Questions:
What is supply-side economics?
How does it compare to Keynes' ideas?
Does the Bible specify a tax policy?
Where did you first hear about trickle-down economics? Who benefits from it the most?
Rick Perlstein, former President George HW Bush, John Quiggin, and many others say that supply-side economics is bogus. What do you think?
Why might supply-side economics appeal to some evangelicals? To people of the 1970s?
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32:30
Republicans and Evangelicals I The New Right
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A small group of men calling themselves The New Right had a major role to play in bonding some evangelicals to the Republican Party. Yet many Christians don't know who these guys were or how they used money and influence to accomplish their goal.
Let's meet the fellas. One was named Paul Weyrich. Weyrich's contribution to the movement is that he knew how to organize people, a skill he learned from watching liberal protests. He was a former radio newsman from Wisconsin, member of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church when he thought the Roman Catholic Church became too liberal. He saw how liberals were organizing in the US and decided to do something similar with conservatives. The goal was to bring together politicians, activists, money, and the press to have a unified front. Organizational skills were his secret weapon.
Howard Phillips was a follower of RJ Rushdoony's Christian Reconstruction plan. He gutted the Office of Economic Opportunity for Richard Nixon and then founded a think tank called The Conservative Caucus. He said "we organize discontent" meaning that the New Right used emotional issues to rile up their base.
Then there was Richard Viguerie. He was the king of bulk mail. The New Right used his services to advocate for their kind of politicians, for Anita Bryant, and to raise money. His company RAVCO was investigated for fraud.
These men and more were vital in bringing some evangelicals into the Republican Party.
Our guest today is Rick Perlstein, author of amazing history books like Reaganland and The Invisible Bridge.
Sources:
Reaganland and The Invisible Bridge by Rick Perlstein
Mobilizing the Moral Majority: Paul Weyrich and the Creation of a Conservative Coalition, 1968-1988 by Tyler J. Poff pages 22-23
The Evangelicals by Frances Fitzgerald
Weyrich, Memorandum, April 16, 1973, Paul M. Weyrich Scrapbooks. But accessed through Mobilizing the Moral Majority: Paul Weyrich and the Creation of a Conservative Coalition, 1968-1988 by Tyler J. Poff page 18
Christian Reconstruction: RJ Rushdoony and American Religious Conservatism - by Michael McVicar
Memo from Gerald Ford Library
The 1974 Campaign Finance Reform Act
James Robison at the Religious Roundtable
Discussion Questions:
What was meant by "we organize discontent"? Is this a statement Jesus would have made?
Have you ever heard of the New Right guys before?
Google Paul Weyrich and watch videos of him talking. How does he use language to stir fear in others?
Are there issues that politicians can use to push your buttons? What are they? Why?
Why are some evangelicals driven by these push button issues?
How was the New Right able to use issues of sex to steer some evangelicals?
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45:03
Bonus: Compelled: A New Song
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The Compelled podcast is hosted by my friend Paul Hastings. It's a testimony show that walks listeners through people's lives so that we can hear how God continues to set people free through faith in Jesus.
This episode is part of an ad-swap that Chris did with Paul to get the word out about Truce, but it also serves as a reminder to us that God is still working in the lives of His people.
You can learn more about the Compelled podcast at https://compelledpodcast.com/
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53:41
Republicans and Evangelicals I Milton Friedman and School Choice (part 2 of 2)
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Milton Friedman is one of the most important economists of the last hundred years. His ideas were quoted by many evangelical writers in the 1970s and 80s, despite his not being a Christian and few of his ideas being in the Bible. Figures like Jerry Falwell loved the guy. Ronald Reagan adopted many of his ideas, though they disagreed on things like the increasing national debt. Friedman played a major role in the popularization of the school voucher concept. Essentially, some people want to allow parents to have a say in which school their children attend. If they want to take the children to a private school, they believe that the government should give them a certain amount of money that would have gone to the public school and give it to the private one. Those who disagree say that this would defund already underfunded schools. Friedman also believed that teachers should not necessarily be certified and that the free market would weed out the bad ones.
Stanford professor Jennifer Burns (author of Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative) returns to help Chris explore this complicated subject.
Sources:
Milton Friedman: The Last Conservative by Jennifer Burns
Reaganland by Rick Perlstein
Free to Choose
A helpful Britannica article on Friedman
Listen, America! by Jerry Falwell. Paperback, August 1980 reprint version Bantam edition
Divided We Stand by Marjorie Spruill
Capitalism and Freedom by Milton Friedman
Discussion Questions:
Had you heard of Friedman before this episode?
What are school vouchers?
How could school vouchers be seen by some as a tool of segregation?
What would it mean if parents had to keep track of every teacher their children learned under?
How are schools currently funded in the US? Why does that matter? How are some schools wealthy while others are poor?
What should be the role of wealthy people when it comes to education?
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Truce explores the history of the evangelical church in America, from fundamentalism to pyramid schemes to political campaigns. Host Chris Staron uses journalistic tools to investigate how the church got here and how it can do better.
The current season follows the rise of the Religious Right, examining the link between evangelicals and the Republican Party. Featuring special guests like Rick Perlstein, Frances Fitzgerald, Jesse Eisinger, Daniel K. Williams, and more.