Our Changing World

New Zealand’s tuatara are the last remaining species of an order of reptile that was alive alongside the dinosaurs 240 million years ago. The rest died out about 65 million years ago, but in Aotearoa the tuatara live on, found on 32 offshore islands and in a small number of ecosanctuaries and zoos on the mainland. Now one researcher is investigating the microbial community that lives inside their gut. Are there also bacterial ‘living fossils’ to be found? And has their gut microbiome changed as a result of living in captivity on the mainland? Guests:Cam Hoffbeck, PhD candidate, Taylor lab, University of AucklandChye-Mei Huang, Ectotherm ranger, Auckland ZooLearn more:Read the article that accompanies this episode. Hear from another researcher who has been exploring the viruses found in tuatara.Cam has also spoken to Emile Donovan on Nights about her research.In 2014 Alison Ballance visited Orokonui Ecosanctuary to learn about the tuatara who had recently made the move to the cold climes of Dunedin.Our own microbiome may affect our brain, moods and behaviour, and changes across our lives.Sign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

Dive under the Antarctic sea ice near Scott Base into the weird world of cold-water life. Pink sea angels, worms that look like intestines, ocean creepy crawlies that get as big as your hand... and mysterious giant glass sponges. These sponges are one of the strangest, and oldest, animals on Earth: surviving without light, eating bacteria and viruses, and making themselves out of silica they absorb from the water. In most parts of the world, they live at depths too deep to dive, making them tricky to study. But in the cold waters of McMurdo Sound, they can be found in shallower waters. Now an international team of scientists are unlocking some of their secrets. Guests:Professor Ian Hawes, University of WaikatoDr Jürgen Laudien, Alfred Wegener Institute, GermanyKatherine Rowe, University of WaikatoDr Erik Wurz, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands,Andreas Schmmider-MartÍnez, Universidad Mayor, ChileLearn more:Read the article that accompanies this episodeListen to The secret life of sea spongesFind out what it takes to live and do science in Antarctica with the award-winning 2020 Voices from Antarctica series by Alison BallanceSign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

For centuries Samoa's traditional healers have harnessed the power of the country's native plants as remedies for village ailments. Now scientists at the Scientific Research Organisation of Samoa are putting those plants under the microscope to unlock and understand how this traditional knowledge works. In this episode of Pacific Scientific from the ABC, tour the labs and lush gardens filled with plants that could hold the secret to battling diabetes, HIV, and cancer. Guests:Annie Tuisuga, Scientific Research Organisation of SamoaMaserotaOfoia, Scientific Research Organisation of SamoaBenaiah Une, Scientific Research Organisation of SamoaSekotilani Aloi, University of Samoa LecturerPacific Scientific credits:Series Creator: Carl SmithReporter: Adel FrueanProducer: Shelby TraynorSeries Producer: Jordan FennellExecutive Producer: Will OckendenABC Science Editor: Jonathan WebbLearn more:Read the article that accompanies this episode.Listen to more Pacific Scientific episodes.Sign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details

Ngutukākā, or kākābeak, is a popular garden plant in Aotearoa. But in the wild, it is now rarer than kākāpō, with only about 100 individual plants surviving on steep, inaccessible cliffs. The East Coast is one of its remaining strongholds and the Tairāwhiti Ngutukākā Trust is on a mission to bring the taonga back. Veronika Meduna joins the inaugural Tairāwhiti Ngutukākā Festival to find out more about the community’s efforts to turn State Highway 35 into a Crimson Highway by rewilding this iconic native. Guests:Graeme Atkins, Tairāwhiti Ngutukākā TrustMere Tamanui, Tairāwhiti Ngutukākā TrustHōhepa Waenga, East Coast Myrtle Rust Response TeamNatalie Robertson, artist and Associate Professor at Auckland University of TechnologyEmma Giesen, Trees That CountStephanie Gardner, Trees That CountTamariki from Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o MangatunaLearn more:Read the article that accompanies this episode.Visit the Tairāwhiti Ngutukākā websiteGraeme Atkins featured in a recent episode of Country Life.For more on rare flora, Our Changing World has covered threatened limestone plants and explored what will happen to alpine plants in a warming world.Sign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.Go to this episode on rnz.co.nz for more details