In part 2 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Church Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses some of the challenges in the early church particularly in the third to early fourth centuries that led to the Council of Nicaea. Why was an ecumenical church council really only possible in the early fourth century? What were some of the key places, people, and events that led to the church desperately needing to meet in order to keep the Church (and the Roman Empire) from splitting apart?HOW TO SUPPORT THIS PODCAST* Become a free subscriber or a patron of Why Catholic? and get the next episode and a discount code to the Why Catholic Etsy shop in your email inbox.* Check out the Why Catholic Etsy shop (all proceeds support this podcast).* Invite Justin to speak at your next event. Inquire at
[email protected] LINKS* Follow Why Catholic on Instagram.* Subscribe to Why Catholic on YouTube.KEY TERMS TO REMEMBER:* Lapsi - Those Christians who lapsed during the Roman persecution by renouncing their faith. * Antioch (Syria) & Alexandria (Egypt) - Major metropolitan sees of Christianity.* Paul of Samosata - Bishop of Antioch from 260-268, influential in unitarian theology. * Unitarianism - Overarching heterodox belief that there is one God in one single person. Other persons like Jesus or the Holy Spirit are not divine.* Trinitarianism - Orthodox theological position that there is one God in three persons - Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.* Arianism - Heterodox unitarian theology promoted by Arius that claimed that Jesus was created by God. * Arius - Founder of the major heresy of Arianism. Originally from Libya, studied in Antioch, and was ordained (and then excommunicated) in Alexandria.* Melitius of Lycopolis - Bishop of Lycopolis (Egypt) that performed unauthorized ordinations in the See of Alexandria, including ordaining Arius to the Diaconate.* Constantine the Great - Conquered the Roman Empire in 312 and became the first Roman Emperor who was an ally of Christianity. * Edict of Milan - Document issued by Constantine in 313 that legalized the practice of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire. * Eusebius of Nicomedia - Bishop of Nicomedia who was a major advisor in Constantine’s court and aggressively promoted Arianism. * Hosius of Córdoba - Influential Latin-speaking bishop from modern day Spain who who as an advisor to Constantine. SOURCES:* The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly* History of the Popes Podcast (Beginning with Episode 27)* First Council of Nicaea | Church Councils Explained (Part 1)* Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils* Church History by Eusebius* Timeline of the Roman Emperors* Chi Rho Symbol* Constantine the Great* Roman Empire Under Constantine* Thalia by Arius Get full access to Why Catholic? at whycatholic.substack.com/subscribe
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