BibleProject

The Letter of Jude Q+R (E7) — Are Jesus’ brothers his half-brothers or cousins? What are the love-meals that Jude mentions? And what did the early Church believe about spiritual beings procreating? In this episode, Tim and Jon respond to your questions from the Letter of Jude series. Thank you to our audience for your thoughtful contributions to this episode!
FULL SHOW NOTES
For summaries of Tim and Jon’s responses and referenced Scriptures, check out the full show notes for this episode.
CHAPTERS
Intro (0:00-3:17)
Are Jesus’ Brothers His Half-Brothers or Cousins? (3:17-19:21)
What Were Love-Meals? (19:21-31:11)
How Should Jude Influence How We Think About the Deuterocanon? (31:11-43:50)
What Did the Early Church Believe About Spiritual Beings Procreating? (43:50-50:41)
Why Are Demons Never Mentioned in the Gospel of John? (50:41-55:32)
Conclusion (55:32-1:00:08)
REFERENCED RESOURCES
"Firstborn: The Last Will Be First" (podcast series)
Jesus and the Jewish Roots of Mary: Unveiling the Mother of the Messiah by Brant Pitre
The Affections of Christ Jesus: Love at the Heart of Paul’s Theology by Nijay K. Gupta
Word Biblical Commentary Vol. 50, 2 Peter, Jude by Richard J. Bauckham
Jesus and the Jewish Roots of the Eucharist: Unlocking the Secrets of the Last Supper by Brant Pitre
Last Supper and Lord's Supper by I. Howard Marshall
"How the Bible Was Formed" (podcast series)
The Deuterocanon/Apocrypha (video series)
"Why the Deuterocanon/Apocrypha Is in Some Bibles and Not Others" (article)
The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible by Michael S. Heiser
Angels: What the Bible Really Says About God’s Heavenly Host by Michael S. Heiser
Demons: What the Bible Really Says About the Powers of Darkness by Michael S. Heiser
Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.
SHOW MUSIC
BibleProject theme song by TENTS
SHOW CREDITS
Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today’s episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie.

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The Letter of Jude E6 — In the final nine verses of his letter, Jude transitions from warning about corrupt members to instructing the faithful. In so many words, he encourages them to keep pressing on as the living temple of God’s Spirit and love. Jude also guides them in how to care for the doubting and deceived in their community, while taking necessary caution for their own holiness. And he concludes with confidence in God’s ability to protect the Church and make them stand as blameless priests, all to the praise, honor, and majesty of God. In this episode, Jon and Tim finish our series in this short but powerful letter.
FULL SHOW NOTES
For chapter-by-chapter summaries, referenced Scriptures, and reflection questions, check out the full show notes for this episode.
CHAPTERS
Letter Recap and Words of the Apostles (0:00-22:25)
Building Yourselves on Your Most Holy Faith (22:25-30:58)
Showing Mercy to Some and Rescuing Others (30:58-45:24)
Closing Doxology (45:24-1:08:56)
BIBLEPROJECT JUDE TRANSLATION
View our full translation of the Letter of Jude.
REFERENCED RESOURCES
Eternal Life: Jon and Tim reference this video when discussing language in Jude’s doxology about ages.
The Last Battle by C.S. Lewis
Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.
SHOW MUSIC
“jazz club.” by Lofi Sunday, PAINT WITH SOUND
“Church Pews” by Lofi Sunday, Oly.Lo, WISDM
“little adventure” by Lofi Sunday, Cassidy Godwin
BibleProject theme song by TENTS 
SHOW CREDITS
Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today’s episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie. Powered and distributed by Simplecast.

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The Letter of Jude E5 — In verses 11-16, Jude continues warning his Jewish messianic audience about deceptive, immoral people infiltrating their house churches. He compares them to three characters from the Hebrew Bible—Cain, Balaam, and Korah—who choose rebellion for themselves and lead others astray. Next, he compares the corrupt church members to a series of images from Scripture, including selfish shepherds, rainless clouds, and wandering stars. In this episode, Jon and Tim continue exploring Jude’s dense prose, where he seamlessly weaves together allusions to the Hebrew Bible and Second-Temple period literature into a piercing critique of imposters within a community of disciples.
FULL SHOW NOTES
For chapter-by-chapter summaries, referenced Scriptures, and reflection questions, check out the full show notes for this episode.
CHAPTERS
Cain, Balaam, and Korah (0:00-23:23)
Six Images of Corrupt Leaders (23:23-37:45)
The Prophecy of Enoch (37:45-55:42)
OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT
View this episode’s official transcript.
BIBLEPROJECT JUDE TRANSLATION
View our full translation of the Letter of Jude.
REFERENCED RESOURCES
Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus
Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books here.
SHOW MUSIC
“Gentle Lamb” by Lofi Sunday, Yoni Charis
“Purple Clouds ft. Marc Vanparla” by Lofi Sunday
BibleProject theme song by TENTS 
SHOW CREDITS
Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today’s episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie.

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The Letter of Jude E4 — In verses 5-7, Jude warns a Jewish Messianic community about a group of people in their midst who live without moral restraint and reject Jesus’ authority. After comparing them to a series of human and angelic rebels in the Hebrew Bible, Jude then calls out the corrupt church members in verses 8-10 as ones who “slander the glorious-ones,” referring to angels. What is Jude talking about, and why would slandering spiritual beings be considered offensive? In this episode, Jon and Tim explore the Hebrew Bible and Second-Temple period apocryphal literature to understand the unique role and revered status of angels among 1st-century Jewish people.
FULL SHOW NOTES
For chapter-by-chapter summaries, referenced Scriptures, and reflection questions, check out the full show notes for this episode.
CHAPTERS
Recap of Introduction and Setup for Verses 8-10 (0:00-10:21)
Angels in the Hebrew Bible and Second-Temple Literature (10:21-39:02)
Michael the Archangel’s Restraint (39:02-1:06:12)
OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT
View this episode’s official transcript.
BIBLEPROJECT JUDE TRANSLATION
View our full translation of the Letter of Jude.
REFERENCED RESOURCES
God and Spiritual Beings Podcast Series
Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books.
SHOW MUSIC
“Chillbop ft. Me & The Boys” by Lofi Sunday
“Cherish ft. PAINT WITH SOUND” by Lofi Sunday
BibleProject theme song by TENTS
SHOW CREDITS
Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today’s episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie.

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The Letter of Jude E3 — After the letter’s opening appeal, Jude (or Judah) begins warning corrupt members of a Jewish messianic church community who cast off restraint and live openly immoral lives. He does so with an ancient rhetorical technique found in both the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Jude shares three stories of rebellion in the Hebrew Bible: the spies fearful of the promised land in Numbers 13-14, the “sons of God” in Genesis 6, and the inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19. Then he draws comparisons to the corrupt church members, promising they’ll receive the same judgment. Why does Jude write this way about the moral crisis in a church? What is he trying to communicate? In this episode, Jon and Tim explore verses 5-8, unpacking the dense biblical references and what they would have meant to Jude and his audience.
FULL SHOW NOTES
For chapter-by-chapter summaries, referenced Scriptures, and reflection questions, check out the full show notes for this episode.
CHAPTERS
A Jewish Rhetorical Technique (0:00-18:10)
Rebellion of the Spies, Sons of God, and Sodom and Gomorrah (18:10-36:41)
Concluding Thoughts on the First Triad (36:41-51:54)
OFFICIAL EPISODE TRANSCRIPT
View this episode’s official transcript.
BIBLEPROJECT JUDE TRANSLATION
View our full translation of the Letter of Jude.
REFERENCED RESOURCES
The Dead Sea Scrolls (Pesharim)
Check out Tim’s extensive collection of recommended books.
SHOW MUSIC
“Fellowship” by Lofi Sunday, Cassidy Godwin
“Peace With You ft. Oly.Lo” by Lofi Sunday
BibleProject theme song by TENTS 
SHOW CREDITS
Production of today’s episode is by Lindsey Ponder, producer, and Cooper Peltz, managing producer. Tyler Bailey is our supervising engineer, who also edited today’s episode and provided the sound design and mix. JB Witty writes the show notes. Our host and creative director is Jon Collins, and our lead scholar is Tim Mackie. Powered and distributed by Simplecast.

Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.