SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

Black holes are fascinating in so many ways- especially when you put two of them together. Their resonance and orbit physically ripples space itself, emitting waves that can travel through space for billions of years. Since 2016, we have been able to detect these gravitational wave events, and earlier this month, we detected a record-breaking one.

SOUNDTRACK:
- Wander - Emitt Fenn (YouTube Audio Library)
- A Slow Dream - Emily A. Sprague (YouTube Audio Library)
- Nexus Dawn - CO.AG: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTrZx2KM6JA&t
- Last Night I Dreamt I Saw True Love In Your Eyes - Chris Zabriskie: https://soundcloud.com/chriszabriskie/last-night-i-dreamt-i-saw-true
- Passing a Foreign Moon - I Think I Can Help You (YouTube Audio Library)
- Thin Places - Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)
- Running Out of Time - CO.AG: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P13lnycYaeI
- Sound of the Earth EM White Noise: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QB2AK-odioc
CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA
All tracks by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Introduction
01:08: What is a Black Hole?
04:07: Types of Black Hole
05:26: Misconceptions About Black Holes
08:46: Anatomy of Black Holes
12:26: Inside the Black Hole
14:09: Intermediate Mass Black Holes
15:17: Black Hole Mergers
17:09: Gravitational Wave Signals
19:12: The Pair Instability Gap
23:03: The Big Crunch

The Solar System is home to eight principal planets, but this is far from the full picture. Hidden beyond the orbit of Neptune are dozens of small, icy worlds, known as Dwarf Planets, or Minor Planets! The best example is Pluto, but there are dozens more orbiting within the same band of material in the outer Solar System. Today, we will visit these frozen, far out worlds first hand.
MUSIC:
- Mist - Odonis Odonis
- Lucid Haze - Amulets 
- Shallow Depths - jAde Wii 
- At the Foot of the Sphinx - Twin Musicom 
- Length of Light - Amulets 
- Crystaline - Amulets 
- Doll Dancing - Puddle of Infinity 
- I Am Running Down the Long Hallway - Chris Zabriskie
- Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring - Kevin MacLeod

At the Foot of the Sphinx by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.org/

I Am Running Down the Long Hallway of Viewmont Elementary by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/honor/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100189
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Introduction
01:52: Minor Planets 
05:34: Ceres 
09:15: The Kuiper Belt 
11:49: Pluto
16:43: Why the IAU Demoted Pluto 
17:46: Eris 
20:17: Haumea 
22:08: Makemake 
24:24: Arrokoth

What lies at the edge of the Solar System? Far beyond the orbit of Neptune and the Kuiper Belt, deep into interstellar space, we find a vast, thick shell of icy space debris. We have never seen it directly, but we know it exists- because it is the source of the most distant comets that we see entering the Solar System. So why is it there? Today we'll find out.

All background songs in this video were sourced from the royalty and attribution-free YouTube Audio Library.

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Introduction
02:01: The Oort Cloud
05:18: The Scale of the Cloud
06:47: Formation of the Oort Cloud
09:33: The Source of All Comets
13:17: The Hills Cloud
14:40: Sedna
16:12: The Outer Oort Cloud
17:13: Siding Spring, Hale Bopp, Lovejoy
19:20: Future Missions to the Oort Cloud
21:46: Extra-solar Oort Clouds

Most large planets have moons. We have discovered almost 200 in our Solar System alone, and so we expect that the Milky Way is teeming with many more- perhaps even outnumbering planets and stars. With so many moons, it adds a plethora of additional holdouts in the galaxy capable of supporting life, and thus they are tantalising targets for scientists. However, extra-Solar moons are so insanely distant and dark against the backdrop of space, that them is a tremendous challenge. In this episode, we will cover its story so far.

SOUNDTRACK:
- Satya Yuga | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)
- The Sleeping Prophet | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)
- Where in Literally | pATCHES (YouTube Audio Library)
- The Golden Present | Jesse Gallagher (YouTube Audio Library)

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Introduction
01:09: Exomoons
04:26: How We Find Exomoons
08:53: Kepler 1625 b-i
13:28: Other Exomoon Candidates

Europa is a fascinating moon, which is thought to be hiding a global ocean below its frozen surface. This makes it a hotspot for research and missions, with the ultimate goal being to identify an independent life source. In this video, we will go over this iconic satellite of Jupiter by the numbers, as we blow its perplexing mysteries wide open.

All background music came from the Royalty-Free & Attribution-Free YouTube Audio Library

CHAPTERS:
00:00 Introduction
00:58: Facts About Europa 
04:22: Europa’s Ice Sheet
06:52: Missions to Europa
09:29: The Subsurface Ocean
11:19: Tidal Heating 
13:44: Europa's Prospects for Life 
18:15: Future Missions to Europa