Working for the Word - a Bible translation podcast

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The pronunciation “Yahweh” for יהוה has been widely accepted and used among scholars going back to at least the 16th century. However, in spite of its longstanding popularity among scholars, it can be difficult to find detailed explanations for how scholars reconstruct or derive this pronunciation. The following represents a humble, introductory effort to explain the evidence for pointing the name יַהְוֶה “Yahweh.”

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In my experience I have observed a widespread lack of consistent, clear thinking regarding the issue of reverence and the divine name. The mainstream opinion often asserts that all avoidance of saying God’s name aloud stems from a profound reverence and respect. This is usually the reason given for the substitution of kurios in the NT and the absence of any transliteration of YHWH in modern versions of the OT. However, if this is indeed the case, in order to be consistent, Christians should use only titles for Jesus and never pronounce his name. Nor should it ever be rendered in transliterated form in any Bible translation.
If Christians fail to show the same “reverence” to Jesus that they show to Yahweh by avoiding his name, they imply a belief that the second person of the Trinity is less in dignity and not worthy of equal honor. They inadvertently demote Jesus as inferior. This practice unwittingly echoes the heresies of Arianism, Adoptionism, Ebionism, Socianism, and Unitarianism. If it is so important to show reverence to Yahweh by obscuring his name with a title, why has this not been normalized with the name of Jesus? What does this inconsistency communicate to Christians and the unbelieving world? It would seem to run contrary to a high Christology (John 1:1, 14, 20:28, Col 1:15-17, 2:9, Heb 1:3, 8, Phil 2:6-7, Titus 2:13, Rev 1:17-18, etc.).

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For centuries the Jews pronounced the name of God without hesitation. This was their original tradition. As we have seen from the biblical witness, there is no evidence of avoidance until very late in the canonical timeline. Nor do we find any hint of reverent substitutions for the Name in the Hebrew Bible. In short, the most significant period of Israel’s early history is marked by the use of the divine name in different contexts without reservation. The golden era of David and Solomon saw no limitation on the pronunciation of the Name.
Therefore, we must not forget that it was the Jews themselves who began a longstanding tradition of saying and singing God’s name. Today, when we view the later tradition of the Jews concerning the avoidance of the Name, it is only logical to keep in mind that it is a secondary tradition without the same weight of antiquity, authenticity, primacy, and proximity to Yahweh’s special presence. Indeed, it is only one of two Jewish traditions. Thus, to uphold the pronunciation of the Name is to do no less than honor and uphold an ancient Jewish tradition sanctioned by the most esteemed men in the Hebrew Bible.  

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Was the New Testament unique in its use of kurios, and what did people do with the divine name after the apostles? As we will see, vocalization continued to be avoided by some, while others sought to recover its original pronunciation or use it in various ways (such as in magic spells). From what follows it willbecome evident that confusion and chaos around God’s name dominated in late antiquity. This window of history can border on the bizarre, and the listener will be forgiven for skipping this section if it proves tedious.  

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⁠⁠Get the free book.Any discussion regarding the pronunciation of the divine name must address the issue of the use of κύριος (kurios, “Lord”) by the New Testament. The fact that the NT neveruses God’s personal name as revealed in the Old Testament, or even an approximation of it, is crucial.

Indeed, why did the NT authors choose to do this? Was itbecause they thought God’s name was too sacred to write out in Greek transliteration and feared God’s judgment if they did so? Or, had its pronunciation already been forgotten to history? Were they afraid that the Jews might be angry about it? Or, was it some other reason(s)? The writers never tell us why. We are left grapple with the issue as “through a glass, darkly.”⁠⁠⁠⁠website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠books⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ |⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ music⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ |⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Hebrew ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠| ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠articles⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠contact⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠download all episodes for offline