In Conversation: An OUP Podcast

Literature and Learning: A History of English Studies in Britain (Oxford University Press, 2025) by Stefan Collini

The
study and teaching of English literature is generally regarded as one
of the central disciplines in the modern university, yet for much of its
history it struggled to gain academic legitimacy and was frequently
derided as 'a soft option'. Its early professors responded by
emphasizing its scholarly character, foregrounding philology and
literary history in ways that marked the syllabus far into the twentieth
century.

Stefan Collini provides here the first full account of the
discipline's development from its late-eighteenth-century beginnings up
to the early 1960s. Paying special attention to institutional settings,
he challenges numerous assumptions about the character of universities
in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From the detailed
exploration of syllabuses, exam papers, and other institutional records,
the impact of literary criticism is revealed to be later and more
partial than is commonly assumed. Rather than seeing the early teaching
of English literature as 'a substitute for religion' or 'a means to
soften class conflict', Collini emphasizes the role of ideals of
learnedness and scholarship, as well as of external factors such as
opportunities for employment in the civil service and secondary
school-teaching. There are full discussions of the parts played by such
figures as John Churton Collins, A.C. Bradley, George Saintsbury, and
Walter Raleigh, together with sceptical analyses of the decisive
significance usually attributed to Matthew Arnold, T.S. Eliot, I.A.
Richards, and F.R. Leavis. Separate chapters are devoted to neglected
aspects of the story such as the role of Classics, the importance of the
subject for women's higher education, and the connections with English
teaching in schools.

Drawing on extensive use of institutional
archives and records as well as the writings of contemporary
participants, the book offers a vivid and wide-ranging history of
English-as-discipline and its centrality across academic, literary,
cultural, and educational life over the past two year hundred years, as
well as a resounding testament to its continued importance and relevance
today.

Stefan Collini, Professor Emeritus of Intellectual
History and English Literature, University of Cambridge. Stefan Collini
was educated at Cambridge and Yale. Following a Research Fellowship at
St John's College, Cambridge, he was Lecturer, then Reader, in
Intellectual History at the University of Sussex 1974-86; Lecturer, then
Reader, then Professor of Intellectual History and English Literature
at the University of Cambridge 1986-2014. He is a Fellow of the British
Academy, and a frequent contributor to the London Review of Books, Times Literary Supplement, and Guardian.

Morteza Hajizadeh
is a Ph.D. graduate in English from the University of Auckland in New
Zealand. His research interests are Cultural Studies; Critical Theory;
Environmental History; Medieval (Intellectual) History; Gothic Studies;
18th
and 19th Century British Literature.

Edward Blum interviews Dr. Jamie L. Brummitt on how new book Protestant Relics in Early America.

In Protestant Relics in Early America (Oxford UP, 2025), Jamie L. Brummitt upends long-held assumptions about religion and material culture in the early United States. Brummitt chronicles how American Protestants cultivated a lively relic culture centered around collecting supernatural memory objects associated with dead Christian leaders, family members, and friends. These objects materialized the real physical presences of God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit, and souls of the dead on earth.As Brummitt demonstrates, people of nearly all Protestant denominations and walks of life--including members of Congress, college presidents, ministers, mothers, free Black activists, schoolchildren, and enslaved people--sought embodied and supernatural sense experiences with relics. They collected relics from deathbeds, stole relics from tombs, made relics in schools, visited relics at pilgrimage sites like George Washington's Mount Vernon, purchased relics in the marketplace, and carried relics into the American Revolution and the Civil War. Locks of hair, blood, bones, portraits, daguerreotypes, post-mortem photographs, memoirs, deathbed letters, Bibles, clothes, embroidered and painted mourning pieces, and a plethora of other objects that had been touched, used, or owned by the dead became Protestant relics. These relic practices were so pervasive that they shaped systems of earthly and heavenly power, from young women's education to national elections to Protestant-Catholic relations to the structure of freedom and families in the afterlife.In recovering the forgotten history and presence of Protestant relics in early America, Brummitt demonstrates how material practices of religion defined early American politics and how the Enlightenment enhanced rather than diminished embodied presence. Moreover, Brummitt reveals how the secular historical method has obscured the supernatural significance of relics for the Protestants who made, collected, exchanged, treasured, and passed them down. This book will be an essential resource for scholars and students of early American history, religion, politics, art, and popular culture.

Our recent conversation about Occupying the Everyday: Militarisation and Gendered Politics of Living in Kashmir (Oxford UP, 2026), with author Niharika Pandit, covers the journey of how critical methodology meets the weight of lived experience. This book examines the everyday politics of militarized control in Kashmir following the Indian government’s August 5, 2019, decision to de-operationalize Jammu and Kashmir’s nominal autonomy. The core of our reflection centered on how one theorizes through such an intense archive. The book avoids abstract distance, relying instead on a rigorous post-2019 archive built from ethnographic fieldwork and rooted in interdisciplinary feminist studies. It demonstrates that theorizing is not a passive intellectual exercise, instead, it is an active, grounded practice of mapping power where it is felt most directly. Through intersectional analyses of space, home, time, and storytelling, the text reveals how militarized control operates via spatial, embodied, affective, temporal, and discursive capture. Reflecting on this book serves as a vital reminder that critical theorizing must remain tethered to the grounded realities of resistance.

With commentary on the emergence of a ‘multipolar’ world, of
transatlantic rifts and the rise of ‘middle powers’ ubiquitous, tales of
the decline of something called ‘the West’ seem to be everywhere. Yet
the meanings the idea of ‘the West’ acquires in spaces beyond it tell us
at least as much about the state of the world as portents of its
demise.

Based on a combination of cultural analysis of historical
writings and—most strikingly—deep immersion in often very spicy Chinese
social media fora, Chenchen Zhang’s new book Easting the West: Theorizing the Postliberal Conjuncture from China (Oxford
University Press, 2026) theorises the shifting significations ascribed
to ‘the West’ in China since the late-imperial collision with European
empires. Whether imagined as a source of modernity, a colonial
exploiter, geopolitical rival or—most recently—a civilisation sunk into
decadence and decay, ‘the West’—Zhang shows—is a foil for China-based
worldviews which, whatever their anticolonial or anti-Western
sentiments, are also entangled with Eurocentric hierarchies of race,
nation and gender whose patriarchal and civilisational histories are
rooted at least partly that very same ‘West’.

Constructing the Medieval Maritime State: Identity, Violence, and Connection in the Mediterranean (Oxford
University Press, 2026) by Professor Travis Bruce explores how the
small medieval kingdom of Denia in Spain became a powerful maritime
state after the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate. Its rulers built
authority, not only through war and seafaring raids but also by
connecting Denia to wider Mediterranean trade, diplomacy, and culture.

The rise and evolution of the taifa
of Denia is a powerful case study for understanding the construction of
medieval maritime states in the Mediterranean. Dr. Bruce situates Denia
within the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate and explores how its rulers
forged legitimacy through identity formation, maritime violence, and
regional connectivity. Denia's identity was negotiated through
rulership, unfreedom, and cultural hybridity, and violence —
particularly predatory warfare and maritime jihad — functioned as both
statecraft and economic extraction. At the same time, Denia's
entanglement in commercial, diplomatic, and intellectual networks
positioned it as a key node linking the Islamic Mediterranean and the
Latin West. The state's trajectory cannot be reduced to narratives of
decline or simple religious conflict but instead reveals a process of
negotiation shaped by mobility, interdependence, and the fluid
boundaries between public and private power. This narrative reframes
Mediterranean history beyond Eurocentric paradigms and underscores the
significance of Islamic maritime states within the wider medieval world.

This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose book
focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty
negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative
analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find
Miranda’s interviews on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.