Lab Values Podcast by NURSING.com (Nursing Podcast, normal lab values for nurses for NCLEX®) by NURSING.com (NRSNG)

• Triglycerides (TG) Lab Values

  Normal Indications Evaluate for: Elevated triglycerides Risk for atherosclerotic heart disease and stroke Description Triglycerides (TG) are required to provide energy during the metabolic process, excess triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue. What would cause increased levels? Myocardial Infarction (MI) Alcoholism Alcoholic cirrhosis High carbohydrate diet Anorexia nervosa Cirrhosis Hypertension (HTN) Nephrotic Syndrome Obesity Renal failure Pancreatitis Stress What would cause decreased levels? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Liver disease Hyperthyroidism Malnutrition Malabsorption

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• Sodium (Na+) Lab Values

  Normal 135-145 mEq/L Indications Monitor: Extracellular osmolality Electrolyte imbalance Description Sodium (Na+) is the most abundant cation in extracellular fluid. Sodium aids in osmotic pressure, renal retention and excretion of water, acid-base balance, regulation of other cations and anions in the body. Sodium plays a role in blood pressure regulation and stimulation of neuromuscular reactions. Sodium and water have a direct relationship; water follows salt. What would cause increased levels? Cushing Syndrome Hyperaldosteronism Dehydration Burn injury Azotemia (elevated nitrogen) Lactic acidosis (LA) Fever/excessive sweating Excessive IV fluids containing sodium Diabetes Insipidus Osmotic diuresis What would cause decreased levels? Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Cystic Fibrosis Diuretic use Metabolic acidosis Addison’s Disease Nephrotic Syndrome Vomiting Diarrhea Ascites Excessive Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH) Liver failure

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• Potassium (K+) Lab Values

  Normal 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L Indications Evaluate: Electrolyte imbalances Cardiac arrhythmias Monitor patients who are: Acidotic Receiving diuretic therapy Description Potassium (K+) is the most abundant intracellular cation and plays a vital role in the transmission of electrical impulses in cardiac and skeletal muscle. It plays a role in acid base equilibrium. In states of acidosis hydrogen will enter the cell which will force potassium out of the cell. A 0.1 decrease in pH will cause a 0.5 increase in K+. What would cause increased levels? Renal failure Hypoaldosteronism Addison’s disease Injury to tissues Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Ketoacidosis Hyperventilation Acidosis Infection Dehydration Burns What would cause decreased levels? Hyperaldosteronism Excess insulin Alkalosis Diarrhea Vomiting Cystic Fibrosis Cushing Syndrome

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• Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Lab Values

  Normal 25 - 35 seconds Indications Detection of coagulation disorders Evaluate response to Heparin (PT for Coumadin) Preoperative assessment Description Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)evaluates the function of factors I, II, V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII. PTT represents the amount of time required for a fibrin clot to form. Monitors therapeutic ranges for people taking Heparin. What would cause increased levels? Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Clotting Factor Deficiencies: Hypofibrinogenemia Von Willebrand Disease Hemophilia Liver disease: Cirrhosis Vitamin K deficiency Polycythemia Dialysis What would cause decreased levels? N/A

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• Oxygen Saturation (SaO2) Lab Values

  Normal 95 - 100% Indications Determine respiratory status Part of Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) testing Description Oxygen saturation (SaO2) is a measurement of the percentage of how much hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen. Oxygen is transported in the blood in two ways: oxygen dissolved in blood plasma (pO2) and oxygen bound to hemoglobin (SaO2). About 97% of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin while 3% is dissolved in plasma. SaO2 and pO2 have direct relationships, if one is decreased so is the other. The relationship between oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure O2 (PaO2) is referred to as the oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) dissociation curve. SaO2 of about 90% is associated with PaO2 of about 60 mmHg. What would cause increased levels? Polycythemia Increased inspired O2 Hyperventilation What would cause decreased levels? Anemia’s Hypoventilation Bronchospasm Mucus plugs Atelectasis Pneumothorax Pulmonary edema Adult respiratory distress syndrome

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About Lab Values Podcast by NURSING.com (Nursing Podcast, normal lab values for nurses for NCLEX®) by NURSING.com (NRSNG)