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國際時事跟讀 Ep. L188: Humanity Returns to Lunar Space After 54 Years

Highlights 主題摘要
NASA's Artemis II launched on April 1, marking humanity's first journey beyond low Earth orbit since 1972.
The crew flew 252,756 miles from Earth, breaking the Apollo 13 distance record by over 4,000 miles.
After a 10-day mission covering 694,481 miles, Orion safely splashed down off San Diego's coast.

More than half a century after the last Apollo moonwalkers returned home, humanity has ventured back into deep space. NASA's Space Launch System rocket lifted off from Kennedy Space Center on April 1, 2026, carrying four astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft named "Integrity." The crew—Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen—embarked on the first crewed test flight beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17. The massive rocket generated 8.8 million pounds of thrust, marking a flawless start to the 10-day journey that would take them farther from Earth than any humans before.

時隔半個多世紀，自最後一批阿波羅太空人返回地球後，人類再次踏入深太空。2026年4月1日，美國國家航空暨太空總署的太空發射系統火箭從甘迺迪太空中心升空，搭載四名太空人乘坐命名為「誠信號」的獵戶座太空船。機組人員包括指揮官里德·懷斯曼、駕駛維克多·格洛弗、任務專家克莉絲汀娜·柯克及加拿大太空人傑瑞米·漢森，展開自阿波羅17號以來首次飛離近地軌道的載人測試飛行。這枚巨型火箭產生880萬磅推力，完美開啟這趟將把他們送往比過去任何人類更遠之處的十天旅程。

The day after launch, Orion's main engine fired for six minutes in a translunar injection burn, breaking free from Earth orbit and accelerating the crew to over 24,000 miles per hour toward the Moon. During their lunar flyby, the spacecraft swooped to within 4,067 miles of the surface, offering unprecedented views of the far side. The astronauts observed ancient impact basins like Orientale and Hertzsprung, witnessed a solar eclipse lasting nearly an hour, and documented meteoroid strikes flashing across the darkened surface. At their farthest point, they reached 252,756 miles from Earth, shattering Apollo 13's distance record. Mission Specialist Hansen marked the moment by proposing to name two unnamed craters after their spacecraft and Commander Wiseman's late wife.

發射隔天，獵戶座主引擎點火六分鐘，執行奔月軌道注入，掙脫地球軌道後將機組人員加速至每小時超過2萬4000英里朝月球前進。在繞月飛行期間，太空船俯衝至距離月表僅4067英里處，呈現月球背面前所未見的景觀。太空人觀測到東方海和赫茨普龍等古老撞擊盆地，目睹持續近一小時的日食，並記錄隕石撞擊在黑暗月表閃現的光芒。在最遠點，他們抵達距地球25萬2756英里處，打破阿波羅13號的距離紀錄。任務專家漢森提議以他們的太空船和懷斯曼指揮官已故妻子的名字，為兩個未命名隕石坑命名，標記這一刻。

After completing their observations, Orion used lunar gravity to swing back on a free-return trajectory toward Earth. The crew prepared for reentry by conducting emergency drills and testing critical systems. Following their 694,481-mile journey, the capsule separated from its service module and plunged into the atmosphere at 25,000 miles per hour. Protected by a heat shield enduring temperatures of 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, Orion splashed down in the Pacific Ocean just 2.9 miles from its target. Navy teams recovered the astronauts and transported them to the USS John P. Murtha for medical checks. The successful mission validated vital systems for future lunar landings and confirmed that the path to sustained Moon exploration—and eventually Mars—now lies open.

完成觀測後，獵戶座利用月球重力以自由返回軌道擺盪回地球。機組人員進行緊急演習並測試關鍵系統，為重返大氣層做準備。經過69萬4481英里的旅程後，太空艙與服務艙分離，以每小時2萬5000英里衝入大氣層。在承受華氏3000度高溫的隔熱罩保護下，獵戶座號降落於太平洋，距離目標僅2.9英里。海軍團隊救出太空人，並將他們送往約翰·P·穆爾薩號軍艦接受醫療檢查。這次成功任務驗證了未來登月的重要系統，並確認通往持續探索月球，最終前往火星的道路已然敞開。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字
Break free [verb phrase, to escape from a force or constraint]: The spacecraft broke free from Earth's gravity.
Translunar injection [noun phrase, a rocket burn sending a spacecraft toward the Moon]: The translunar injection burn lasted six minutes.
Flyby [noun, a close pass by a celestial body without landing]: The lunar flyby lasted seven hours.
Heat shield [noun, protective barrier against extreme reentry temperatures]: The heat shield endured 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Splashdown [noun, the landing of a spacecraft in water]: The crew's splashdown was right on target.

Reference article:
1. https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasas-artemis-ii-mission-leaves-earth-orbit-for-flight-around-moon/
2. https://www.fox35orlando.com/news/artemis-ii-live-tracker-day-5
3. https://gizmodo.com/artemis-2-live-updates-countdown-to-the-moon-%F0%9F%94%B4-2000740775
4. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/watch-live-nasa-shares-update-on-artemis-ii-mission-around-the-moon-2-days-after-launch
5. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly148lvyevo

挺你所想！與你一起生活的銀行
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了解更多> https://fstry.pse.is/8xhc3z
現在把「中信行動銀行 APP」設為桌面小工具 Widget， 出入帳金額不同會顯示不同的插畫圖示，超萌動作或搞怪迷因等你來蒐集！


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Hi there!歡迎收聽Look Back Sunday回顧星期天，在這個節目John老師會彙整過去不同國家與主題的熱門跟讀文章，讓你可以在十五分鐘內吸收最精華的世界時事趣聞！我們這週聽聽科學相關的文章，Let's get started! Topic: Eating a big breakfast could double the amount of calories you burn in the day, according to a new study Eating a big breakfast could help you burn double the amount of calories than if you eat a larger meal at dinner. 相較於一頓份量較大的晚餐，吃一頓豐盛的早餐可以幫助你燃燒2倍卡路里。 It could be the key to losing weight while also keeping blood sugar levels steady, researchers at Lübeck University in Germany said. 德國盧貝克大學的研究人員表示，這可能是幫你減肥，同時保持血糖水平穩定的關鍵。 Their study found filling up in the morning boosts a metabolism process known as diet-induced thermogenesis （DIT）. 研究人員發現，早上吃飽可以促進「飲食誘導產熱」（DIT）此一新陳代謝過程。 DIT refers to the number of calories the body expends to heat the body and digest food. It was shown to be twice as high for those who ate more at breakfast than at dinner. 飲食誘導產熱指的是身體為保暖和消化食物而消耗的熱量。研究表明，相較於晚餐吃得多的人，早餐吃得多的人的食物誘導產熱是其2倍。 The study also showed increases in blood sugar and insulin concentrations, caused by eating a meal, was diminished after breakfast, but not so much after dinner. 研究還表明，吃飯時升高的血糖和胰島素濃度在早餐後有所降低，晚餐後則下降沒有那麼明顯。 The results also showed eating a low-calorie breakfast caused sweet cravings with a higher appetite. 該研究結果也顯示，吃低卡路里的早餐會導致對甜食的食慾增加。 This suggests those saving all their calories for the end of the day may face consequences because they snack more. 這表明，把一天中高熱量的食物都留到晚上吃的人會得不償失，因為他們會吃更多零食。 Next Article Topic: Air pollution ’pandemic’ shortens lives by 3 years: study 研究：空污「大爆發」 人類減壽3年 A ’pandemic’ of air pollution shortens lives worldwide by nearly three years on average, and causes 8.8 million premature deaths annually, scientists said Tuesday. 科學家週二表示，空氣污染「大爆發」，使得全球人口的平均餘命縮短近3年，且每年有880萬人因空污問題提早死亡。 Eliminating the toxic cocktail of molecules and lung-clogging particles cast off by burning oil, gas and coal would restore a full year of life expectancy, they reported in the journal Cardiovascular Research. 根據他們在醫學期刊《心血管研究》發表的研究報告，排除因燃燒石油、天然氣和煤炭所釋出的有毒物質，以及會造成肺阻塞的微粒，將可使人類平均餘命增加整整1年。 Compared to other causes of premature death, air pollution kills 19 times more people each year than malaria, nine times more than HIV/AIDS, and three times more than alcohol, the study found. 該研究發現，相較於其他造成提早死亡的原因，空污每年奪走的人命是瘧疾的19倍、愛滋病的9倍，也是酗酒的3倍。 Coronary heart disease and stroke account for almost half of those deaths, with lung diseases and other non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure accounting for most of the rest. Only six percent of mortality stemming from polluted air is due to lung cancer. 冠狀動脈心臟病和中風的人數，約佔全球提早死亡人數的一半，其餘死因則多半與肺病及糖尿病和高血壓等非傳染性疾病有關。而因空污致死的案例中， 死於肺癌者僅佔6%。 The worst-hit region is Asia, where average lifespan is cut 4.1 years in China, 3.9 years in India, and 3.8 years in Pakistan. 亞洲是受空污影響最嚴重的地區。空污使中國人平均餘命減少4.1年，印度人減少3.9年，巴基斯坦人減少3.8年。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1360772 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1358960 Next Article Topic: Chemical found in spinach has the same effect as steroids and should be banned for athletes, scientists say Maybe Popeye was onto something when he ripped open a can of spinach for beating up the bad guys. 當大力水手卜派為了痛毆壞人而打開一罐菠菜時，或許知其所以然。 Scientists in Germany say, ecdysterone, a chemical found in spinach is close to steroids and has a similar effect on humans. Researchers at Freie Universität Berlin ran a 10-week test on nearly 50 athletes and found athletes who took capsules of ecdysterone increased their strength by up to three times. 德國科學家表示，菠菜中發現的化學物質「蛻皮甾酮」（ecdysterone）與類固醇相近，對人體有類似作用。柏林自由大學研究人員對近50名運動員進行歷時10週的測試，發現服用蛻皮甾酮膠囊的運動員，體力最多增加3倍。 The capsules the athletes were given were the equivalent of about nine pounds of spinach but researchers say the capsules could be used as a performance enhancing drug. The study has called on the World Anti-Doping Authority to dig further into ecdysterone and wants the chemical added to the list of banned substances for athletes. 給那些運動員服用的膠囊，約等同於9磅重的蔬菜。但研究人員表示，這些膠囊可能會被用來做為提高成績的藥物。該研究呼籲「世界運動禁藥管制組織」近一步研究蛻皮甾酮，希望將這種化學物質加入運動員禁用物品清單裡。 Next Article: Topic: Genes, yes, but obesity pandemic mostly down to diet：study 研究：基因有影響，但肥胖流行病主因在飲食 A three-fold jump since 1975 in the percentage of adults worldwide who are obese has been driven mainly by a shift in diet and lack of exercise, but genes do play a role as well, according a large-scale study published Thursday. 根據週四發表的一份大型研究，1975年以來全球成年人口中，肥胖者所佔比例大增3倍，主要由飲食習慣改變和缺乏運動造成，但基因確實也有影響。 For people genetically predisposed to a wider girth, these unhealthy lifestyles compounded the problem, resulting in an even higher rate of weight gain, researchers reported in The BMJ, a peer-reviewed medical journal. 研究人員在同儕審查醫學期刊「英國醫學期刊」發表報告指出，對於基因上易胖的人而言，這些不健康的生活方式加重問題，導致體重更大幅度增加。 To tease out the relative impact of environment and genes on obesity, scientists led by Maria Brandkvist at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology combed through data on nearly 120,000 people in Norway whose height and weight were regularly measured between 1963 and 2008. 為了瞭解環境和基因對肥胖的相對影響，挪威科技大學的布朗克韋斯特領導的一群科學家，探究挪威從1963年到2008年間定期測量身高、體重的近12萬人資料。 Adults began tipping the scales at significantly higher weights in the 1980s and 1990s, they found. Those born after 1970 were far more likely to have a substantially higher BMI as young adults than earlier generations. 他們發現，1980和1990年代成年人的體重顯著增加。1970年以後出生的人，更有可能在年輕時就有比前幾世代人高得多的BMI值。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1312177 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1313703 Next Article Topic: Science proves that alcohol increases your ability to speak a second language 科學證實，酒精增進你的第二外語口說能力 A new study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology has found that a bit of Dutch courage might be the key to boosting your ability to speak a second language. 一項發表於《精神藥理學期刊》的最新研究發現，一點酒後之勇可能是促進你第二外語口說能力的關鍵。 Researchers tested 50 native German speakers who had just learned Dutch. Some were given a low dose of alcohol, and others a control beverage with no alcohol, and then were asked to have a conversation in Dutch. 研究人員測試50名以德語為母語的人士，他們剛學習荷蘭語。部分人士被給予低分量的酒精，其他人士則被給予沒有酒精的控制組飲料，之後他們被要求以荷蘭語對話。 The study showed that those who were slightly intoxicated had better pronunciation than their sober counterparts. Alcohol may impair your memory, making it harder to pay attention and recall facts, but on the other hand, it also boosts your self-confidence. 研究顯示，相較於對應他們的清醒受試者，那些微酣受試者的發音更佳。酒精可能損害你的記憶，使你更難專注及回想事情，但另一方面，酒精也會增進你的自信。 However, participants in this study consumed a low dose of alcohol, and that higher levels of alcohol consumption might not have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language. The participants knew what they were drinking, so it’s not clear if their speech improved because of alcohol’s psychological or biological effects. 不過，研究中的受試者只飲用少量酒精，而更多的酒精攝取，可能對外語發音無益。受試者知道自己飲用何物，因此並不清楚他們的口說改善是因為酒精的心理還是生理作用。 Source article: http://iservice.ltn.com.tw/Service/english/english.php?engno=1149846&day=2017-11-07 每日英語跟讀Podcast，就在http://www.15mins.today/daily-shadowing每週Vocab精選詞彙Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/vocab每週In-TENSE文法練習Podcast，就在https://www.15mins.today/in-tense

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「我老了,記憶力不行了,學不進去了。」聽起來很熟悉?這句話可能是你說服自己不用努力的最大謊言。這集John老師跟阿鍵老師聊的不是什麼英文技巧,是你腦袋裡那個一直在偷偷搞破壞的聲音。

你在騙誰?

John老師一開口就說他老了、動力差、不想學了。聽起來很誠實,但阿鍵老師馬上戳破:這不是事實,這是lie,你在騙自己。
大腦不是手機,不會用久就變慢然後強制更新。神經科學告訴我們,大腦的可塑性強到什麼程度?有人車禍後腦袋壞掉一半,另一半還能慢慢補回功能。你只是因為下班塞在國道上滑了兩小時抖音就覺得自己「老化」?不一樣的事。
問題不是你老了。是你很久沒有認真學過任何新東西了。上班族的日子就是捷運、辦公室、茶水間、外送晚餐,然後週末睡到中午。你的大腦這塊肌肉,根本沒在練。

這本書的作者,腦袋真的壞過

今天聊的書叫《Limitless》,作者Jim Kwik。名字就叫Kwik,很可愛。他不是什麼沒受過挫折的天才,他小時候腦部受過嚴重外傷,連字母都認不得。後來跟對了老師,學會怎麼用腦,才變成到處幫Google、Nike、SpaceX、哈佛大學做培訓的學習教練。
酒病變良醫。他知道大腦壞掉是什麼感覺,所以他教的東西不是理論,是真的有用過的方法。
他提出一個3M框架——Mindset、Motivation、Method。聽起來很buzzword,但拆開來還蠻實在的。

先破掉腦袋裡的謊言

第一個M是Mindset。你告訴自己的那些話,有多少是真的,有多少只是你懶得動的藉口?
「我太老了」——lie。「我沒有語言天分」——可能也是lie。「我竹科上班這麼累,回家哪有力氣學英文」——這個是事實,但你從來沒試過在開車塞車的路上聽podcast吧?
John老師說,你說出口的話是有力量的。你一直告訴自己我老了學不會,你的大腦就真的照辦了。不要說出來。就算真的很累,也把那句話換成「我還可以做什麼」。0.1%的可能也是可能。
找到讓你肚子餓的那根胡蘿蔔

第二個M是Motivation。很多人說想學英文,但說不出來學了要幹嘛。「想要進步」這個why太遠了,遠到你看不見,自然就沒動力。
Jim Kwik說要找強烈的why。不是那種高大上的「想要成為更好的自己」,是更接近本能的那種。想交外國男女朋友?想看懂巴菲特的股東信原文不用等中文翻譯?想進外商讓台北辦公室的主管刮目相看?這些才會讓你肚子餓。
而且目標太遠的話要切小。不是「我要英文流利」,是「這個月我要聽懂一集英文podcast不用倒帶」。可以達到的目標才會讓你踏出那一步。
FAST學習法,不是叫你衝

第三個M是Method, Jim Kwik給了一個FAST的縮寫。
F是Forget——先把腦袋裡「我學不會」的雜念歸零。A是Active——不要只是被動收聽,要動手做筆記、跟讀、輸出。S是State——管理自己的狀態,累到不行的時候硬逼自己學,學進去的機率是零。T是Teach——學了以後去教別人,才會真的變成你的東西。
這其實就是Feynman Technique的概念。你以為你懂, 直到你試著解釋給別人聽才知道自己哪裡有洞。把你學到的英文用法分享給朋友, 這也算teaching。

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Summary:
This article discusses the negative saving rate in Japan and how a lack of increases has led to this shift. People are not able to save and live from hand to mouth monthly. This is a huge shift in the culture and poses a huge problem for the government. They need spending, but also saving for when people retire.

原文章討論: https://www.15mins.today/blog/ep-920-saving-is-out-of-style-in-japan

Vocabulary and Sample Sentences

Budge v.: to move slightly, change an opinion Did the stock price budge after the scandal? Did his opinion of the movie budge after he read its review?

Hoard v.: to collect and keep large amounts of something Did she hoard lots of toilet paper? Would you like to hoard some cash?

Void n.: large empty space Do children fill a void in people’s lives? Is there a void of savings in Japan at present?

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你有用保溫杯嗎？一個、兩個？還是多到數不清？在本集的英語時光機裡 John 和 Patrick 兩位老師從一個超級日常的問題聊起：「保溫瓶」的英文怎麼說？咦～沒想到這些大牌子的英文本身就包含了溫度的意思！

另外 Patrick 老師也帶來了一段關於 Thermos 品牌的身世背景，而 John 老師也提到了現在的膳魔師，居然跟台灣的關係意外的緊密喔。

Do you use insulated water bottles? One, two? Or too many to count? In this episode of English Cafe, John and Patrick start with a super everyday question: "How do you say 'insulated bottle' in English?" Wow~ turns out these brand names themselves contain the meaning of temperature!

Additionally, Patrick shares the background story of the Thermos brand, while John mentions that the current Thermos actually has an unexpectedly close relationship with Taiwan.