The 12 Apostles (Part 2): Philip, Bartholomew (Nathanael), Matthew, Thomas & Simon the Zealot | Luke 6:13
This episode continues the study of Jesus’ chosen twelve apostles from Luke 6:13, explaining the apparent structure of three groups within the Twelve and reviewing prior lessons on Peter, Andrew, James, and John. It focuses on Philip (seen mainly in John’s Gospel) as an organized, logical disciple tested in the feeding of the 5,000, his role in bringing Greeks to Jesus with Andrew, and Jesus’ correction when Philip asks to see the Father; tradition says Philip was killed in Hierapolis around 54 AD. Bartholomew is identified as Nathanael (son of Tolmai), recounting his call from under the fig tree and his confession of Jesus; tradition places his martyrdom around 68 AD. Matthew (Levi) is described as a wealthy tax collector from a priestly line whose inclusion highlights unity amid tension; tradition says he died in Ethiopia. Thomas is defended beyond the “doubting” label, highlighting his loyalty, grief, confession “My Lord and my God,” and tradition of ministry in India and martyrdom. James son of Alphaeus is noted for obscurity and faithfulness, and Simon the Zealot is explained as a former nationalist extremist whose inclusion alongside Matthew shows Christ’s transforming power; tradition links Simon to preaching in Britain and death under a Roman proconsul. Judas Iscariot is reserved for a later dedicated study.
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