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Hi there! 歡迎收聽 Look Back Sunday 回顧星期天，在這個節目 John 老師會彙整過去不同國家與主題的熱門跟讀文章，讓你可以在十五分鐘內吸收最精華的世界時事趣聞！我們這週聽聽英國相關的文章，Let's get started!
Topic 1: Subway bread isn't bread, Irish court says
Ireland's Supreme Court has ruled that bread sold by the fast food chain Subway contains so much sugar that it cannot be legally defined as bread. 愛爾蘭最高法院裁定，速食連鎖店「賽百味」的麵包含有太多糖，不符合法律上麵包的定義。
The ruling came in a tax dispute brought by Bookfinders Ltd., an Irish Subway franchisee, which argued that some of its takeaway products — including teas, coffees and heated sandwiches — were not liable for value-added tax. 愛爾蘭的賽百味加盟商 Bookfinders 因稅務爭端提出訴訟後，最高法院做出此一裁決。該公司主張，他們部分外帶產品—包含茶飲、咖啡和加熱三明治—不該被徵收加值型營業稅。
A panel of judges rejected the appeal, ruling that the bread sold by Subway contains too much sugar to be categorized as a "staple food," which is not taxed. 合議庭拒絕上訴主張，裁定賽百味販售的麵包含糖量太高，不得被歸類為不用課稅的「主食」。
"There is no dispute that the bread supplied by Subway in its heated sandwiches has a sugar content of 10% of the weight of the flour included in the dough, and thus exceeds the 2% specified," the judgement read. 判決書指出：「賽百味在加熱三明治中提供的麵包，含糖量是麵糰中麵粉重量的 10%，超過規定的 2%，這點沒有爭議。」
Topic 2: British inventor wins $1m prize for revolutionary wheelchair design｜英國發明家以創新的輪椅設計贏得 100 萬獎金
Andrew Slorance, 51, has won a $1m prize to help him continue to develop a revolutionary ultra-light, stable carbon fibre wheelchair. 51 歲的安德魯．斯洛蘭司贏得 100 萬美元的獎金，幫助他繼續研發一款創新、超輕、穩定的碳纖維輪椅。
He was aware of how tipping over backwards was the primary cause of accidents for wheelchair users. One way to deal with this is by having the axle to the back of the wheelchair and putting the user's weight to the front of it — but this brings new challenges. 他發現向後傾斜是輪椅使用者發生意外的主因。一種解決此問題的方法是，將輪軸放在輪椅後方，並將使用者的重量置於前方，但這種方法也帶來新的挑戰。
When the weight is carried by the small front wheels, this adds drag, making pushing and turning much more difficult, and introducing uncomfortable vibrations that can cause pain and muscle spasms. 當重量由小的前輪支撐時，會增加阻力，讓推動與轉動變得更困難，並且造成不舒服的震動，可能會引起疼痛與抽筋。
Wheelchair designs have previously had to make a trade-off between agility and stability, but Mr Slorance's new design allows the wheelchair to automatically change the weight distribution itself, keeping users balanced while also ensuring they're as agile as possible. 輪椅設計過去已在靈活與穩定性間做出妥協，但斯洛蘭司的新設計讓輪椅可以自動改變自身重量分配，讓使用者維持平衡，也確保他們盡可能地靈活。
Topic 3: UK company sells 'bottles of air' for homesick people
The recent outbreak of new variants of the coronavirus in the U.K. has led to more than 40 countries imposing a travel ban on the nation, resulting in many British nationals being unable to return home. 英國國際行李搬家服務公司 My Baggage 近日推出「空氣罐」，讓英國人透過呼吸家鄉空氣，一解鄉愁。近期英國出現 2019 冠狀病毒疾病新變種病毒，超過 40 國對英國祭出交通禁令，導致目前許多英國人無法返回家鄉。
In light of this observation, My Baggage, a relocation company based in the U.K., has recently launched the "bottled air" which allows customers to relieve their nostalgia by breathing in the air of their home country. 根據 CNN 報導，My Baggage 推出新產品，販賣「真正」來自英國、蘇格蘭、威爾斯和北愛爾蘭的空氣，讓身在海外的英國人能聞到家鄉的味道。
According to CNN, My Baggage is currently selling "authentic" air from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, to provide Brits overseas to enjoy the scent of home. 空氣罐要價不斐，每瓶 500 毫升定價 25 英鎊（約新台幣 942 元）。購買空氣瓶的買家會收到附贈的軟木塞，方便隨時可開啟，慢慢享受家鄉的氣味。
Each 500 ml air bottle is priced at £25 (about NT$942). A bottle will come with a cork stopper so that people can enjoy the scent of home at any time. 除了英國之外，這家搬運公司還有提供客製化服務，顧客可提出地點，公司會前往指定地點裝滿空氣瓶再送到顧客手中。
What's more? The company also offers a customized service that people can request a location and the company will go to the specified location to fill the bottles and deliver them to you. My Baggage 表示，他們曾經遇到一位來自威爾斯的顧客，指定要位在北威爾斯史諾多尼亞山區的空氣。
Also, special limited edition bottles featuring air taken from the London Underground or a fish and chip shop in Norfolk are also available. 此外，這系列產品還有推出限量版空氣，包括裝有倫敦地鐵、以及一間位於諾福克炸魚薯條店的空氣罐。
Topic 4: Scotland is making tampons and pads free
Scotland has become the first country to allow free and universal access to menstrual products, including tampons and pads, in public facilities, a landmark victory for the global movement against period poverty. 蘇格蘭成為世界首個在公共設施免費向所有人供應衛生棉條和衛生護墊等生理期用品的國家，這是全球對抗月經貧困運動的一次里程碑式勝利。
The Scottish Parliament voted unanimously in favor of the Period Products bill on Tuesday, months after lawmakers had initially signaled their support. 在國會議員初步表示支持之後數月，蘇格蘭議會週二一致投票通過月經用品法案。
It means period products will be available to access in public buildings including schools and universities across Scotland.
According to the new rules, it will be up to local authorities and education providers to ensure the products are available free of charge. 這意味著蘇格蘭各地包括中小學和大學在內的公共場所將會免費提供月經用品。根據新法規，地方政府部門和教育機構將確保免費供應月經用品。
The bill's accompanying financial memorandum estimates it could cost around £8.7 million a year by 2022, depending on the number of women who will take advantage of the free products. 該法案附帶的財務備忘錄估計，到 2022 年，該免費項目每年將耗資約 870 萬英鎊（約 3.3 億台幣），具體數目取決於領用免費月經用品的女性數量。
Topic 5: BBC announces probe into 1995 Diana interview｜BBC 宣布調查 1995 年黛妃專訪
The BBC announced Wednesday the immediate start of an investigation into how it obtained an explosive 1995 interview with Princess Diana that lifted the lid on her troubled marriage to Prince Charles. 英國廣播公司（BBC）週三宣布，將立即就該公司如何在 1995 年讓黛安娜王妃同意接受驚世專訪、揭露她與王儲查爾斯的婚姻問題重重一事，展開調查。
The late princess' brother, Charles Spencer, has alleged that the flagship "Panorama" programme reporter who conducted the interview, Martin Bashir, showed him faked documents to persuade his sister to take part. 這位已故王妃的胞弟查爾斯．史賓塞宣稱，專訪黛妃的 BBC 招牌節目「萬象」的記者馬丁．巴席爾，曾向他展示造假檔案以說服他胞姊受訪。
New reports have surfaced alleging that Bashir used underhand methods to persuade Diana to talk, including by claiming her own staff members were being paid to spy on her. 新出現的報導指稱，巴席爾以不入流的手段說服黛妃受訪，包括宣稱她的幕僚收錢監視她。
In the November 1995 interview, which was watched by a record 22.8 million people, Diana detailed her collapsing marriage to the heir to the throne. 在 1995 年 11 月這段有破紀錄的 2280 萬人觀看的專訪中，黛妃詳述她與王儲之間瀕臨瓦解的婚姻。
Topic 6: How American Guns Are Fueling U.K. Crime
Josh Bains was 28 when he was killed after an argument over a drug debt of about $50 just a few miles from the English village where he grew up — with a gun that had traveled thousands of miles from America. 貝恩斯因為欠下約 50 美元買毒債與人起爭執後遇害，年僅 28 歲，遇害處離他成長的英格蘭村落只有幾哩，奪命的槍枝卻遠從數千哩外的美國而來。
His was one of a rising number of gun deaths in recent years that have British authorities worried about an expanding smuggling pipeline from the United States. The gun used to kill Bains in October 2018 — a Taurus Model 85 — is banned outright in Britain. 英國近年來像貝恩斯這樣的槍擊案死者愈來愈多，令當局對英美之間走私網日漸擴大感到憂慮。2018 年 10 月用來殺害貝恩斯的這支金牛座 M85 左輪手槍，在英國完全禁用。
"I think Americans wouldn't believe that something that they produce could affect people like us," said Clare Bains, who was Bains' stepmother. "If there weren't all these guns, they wouldn't be seeping out of America all over the world." 貝恩斯的繼母克萊兒說：「美國人不會相信，他們製造的東西竟會影響到我們這樣的人。要是沒有這麼多槍，就不會流出美國，跑到世界各地。」
Gun deaths remain extremely rare in Britain, and very few people, even police officers, carry firearms. But the growing presence of U.S. weapons on the streets, which has not previously been widely reported, comes as serious violent crime, like murders and stabbings, has risen sharply. 英國死於槍擊案者極少，而且少有人攜帶槍械，包括警察，不過美國武器在英國街頭愈來愈常見，這種現象先前未獲廣泛報導，同時，謀殺和持刀傷人等嚴重暴力罪案亦遽增。
Most illegal firearms in Britain still come from Europe. But investigators seized hundreds of smuggled U.S. guns last year, a small figure by international standards, though experts say the number that police do not discover is likely to be far higher. 英國非法槍枝多數仍來自歐陸，不過去年調查人員查扣數以百計走私入境的美國槍枝，以國際標準而言算少，但專家指出未查獲的可能遠多於此。
British police have traced some of the smuggled U.S. guns back to loosely regulated gun fairs in states like Florida. Investigators have also seized U.S. weapons being smuggled on a container ship and hidden in car engines. 英國警方查出，走私的美國槍枝部分來自佛州等地管理鬆散的槍械展，調查人員還沒收了藉貨櫃船走私和藏在汽車引擎中的美國武器。
Now authorities fear that after Brexit, when borders with the European Union will be more tightly regulated, the illegal gun trade from the United States could accelerate, especially given the Trump administration's broad support for the gun industry. 現在英國當局擔心，英國脫離歐盟導致英歐邊界管制收緊之後，來自美國的私槍會大增，在川普政府力挺槍枝產業的背景下，尤其如此。
"A major Trump administration goal is to globalize the firearms trade and facilitate exports, and if you're facilitating legal exports, it's almost inevitable that there will be an illegal diversion of weapons into criminal markets in other countries," said Aaron Karp, a senior consultant for the Small Arms Survey in Geneva and a lecturer at Old Dominion University in Virginia. 瑞士日內瓦「小型武器調查」研究計畫高級顧問、美國維吉尼亞州老道明大學講師卡普說：「川普政府一大目標是，使槍枝貿易全球化並促進槍枝出口，而如果美國推動合法槍枝出口，難免會有部分非法武器流入他國的犯罪市場。」
The United States is one of the biggest legal exporters of firearms in the world, but hundreds of thousands of guns also illegally leak out of the country and fuel homicides, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean. 美國是最大合法槍枝出口國之一，卻有數以十萬計槍枝非法流出並助長殺人案，尤其在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地區。
In Britain, criminal groups primarily use knives for acts of violence. Knife crime reached a record high last year, accounting for around 2 out of every 5 killings. By comparison, only 33 people were killed with a gun. 在英國，犯罪團體主要持刀行凶，去年持刀所犯刑案創新高，約占殺人案五分之二，相較之下，只有 33 人死於槍擊。
But the number of illegal guns in circulation is growing. In the last year alone, gun seizures by Britain's national policing body, the National Crime Agency, more than doubled, and firearm offenses have soared by 38% since 2015. 然而，流通的非法槍枝不斷增加。單是這一年來，英國國家治安機關「國家刑事局」查扣的槍枝就比先前多出一倍以上，而且從 2015 年以來，槍枝犯罪激增了 38%。
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