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Duke's Corner

Jim Grisanzio
Duke's Corner
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  • Duke's Corner

    Bruno Borges at JavaOne 2026

    23/04/2026 | 17 mins.
    Jim Grisanzio from Oracle Java Developer Relations talks with Bruno Borges from Microsoft at JavaOne 2026. Bruno works on GitHub's Core AI developer relations team. The conversation covers the future of Java in a world of AI, the value of learning core computer science fundamentals in school, the shifting role for software developers from just writing code to architecting higher level systems, the new business value opportunities for developers as they leverage AI technologies, and Bruno's new AI-assisted website called Java Evolved that visually compares old and new Java code patterns.
    Bruno Borges, Java Champion, Principal Product Manager for Java at Microsoft (Bruno on X) | Jim Grisanzio, Oracle Java Developer Relations: (Jim on X)
  • Duke's Corner

    Bob Treacy: From the Factory Floor to Harvard and 30 Years of Java

    16/03/2026 | 29 mins.
    Bob Treacy started his career as a union steward on the factory floor at GE Aircraft Engines. After earning a BS and MS in Computer Science from Boston University while working and raising a family at the same time, he jumped to software, never looked back, and remains at the cutting edge with Java and AI.
    Now Principal Software Architect and Data Engineer at Harvard University, he has been writing Java since 1995 and has attended more than 20 JavaOne conferences. So, he's lived much of the entire life of Java. 
    At JavaOne 2026 this week he'll present work from Harvard's Dataverse project, which uses LLM embeddings and a graph database knowledge graph to recommend metadata categories for research datasets. 
    The conversation also covers Java's long evolution, his pragmatic view of AI, and his advice to students to make sure they understand full systems and not just be exclusively a coder.
    Bob Tracey: LinkedIn | Jim Grisanzio: LinkedIn, X/Twitter
  • Duke's Corner

    Paul Bakker: Go Build a Lot of Stuff!

    03/02/2026 | 26 mins.
    This is the third in a short series of speaker profiles for JavaOne 2026 in Redwood Shores, California, March 17-19. Get early bird pricing until February 9, and for a limited time, take advantage of a $100 discount by using this code at checkout: J12026IJN100. Register. Sessions.
    In this conversation, Jim Grisanzio from Java Developer Relations talks with Paul Bakker, an engineer and Java architect in California. Paul is a staff software engineer in the Java Platform team at Netflix. He works on improving the Java stack and tooling used by all Netflix microservices and was one of the original authors of the DGS (GraphQL) Framework. He is also a Java Champion, he's published two books about Java modularity, and he's a speaker at conferences and Java User Groups.
    Java Is Everywhere at Netflix
    Paul will present "How Netflix Uses Java: 2026 Edition" at JavaOne in March. The session updates previous year's talk because Java keeps evolving at Netflix. "Netflix is really staying on the latest and greatest with a lot of things," Paul says. "We're trying new things. And that means there's always new stuff to learn every year."
    Java powers both Netflix streaming and enterprise applications used internally and supporting studio teams. "Java is everywhere at Netflix," Paul says. "All the backends, they are all Java powered." Why Java? It comes down to history and practicality. The original team members were Java experts, but more importantly, "Java is also just the best choice for us," he says. The language balances developer productivity and runtime performance. At Netflix's scale with thousands of AWS instances running production services, runtime performance is critical.
    Netflix engineers stay closely connected with development at OpenJDK. They test new features early and work with preview releases or builds before official releases. When virtual threads appeared, Netflix engineers tested immediately to measure performance gains. Paul says they give feedback on what works, what doesn't work, and what they would like to see different. This just demonstrates the value of being involved with OpenJDK, and Paul says they have a really nice back and forward with the Oracle engineering teams.
    The microservices architecture Netflix adopted years ago enabled the company to scale. This approach has become common now, but Netflix pioneered talking about it publicly. Breaking functionality into smaller pieces lets teams scale and develop services independently. Most workloads are stateless, which enables horizontal scaling. Production services for streaming often run several thousand AWS instances at a time.
    Early on with Java Applets
    Paul's coding journey started at 15 when he got his first computer and wanted to learn everything about it. Working at a computer shop repairing machines, the owner asked if he knew how to build websites. Paul said no but wanted to learn. He was curious about everything that involved computes. Java applets were hot back then. With nothing online available, he bought a book and started hacking away. "It was so much fun that I also decided right at that point basically like, oh, I'm going to be an engineer for the rest of my life," he says.
    That's clarity for a 15-year-old. And it's remarkable. But Paul says it felt natural. He just started doing it, had such a good time, and knew that was what he wanted to do. When he started university around 2000, right during the dot-com bubble and crash, professors warned students not to expect to make money in engineering because the bubble had burst. Paul still remembers how funny that seems now. You can never predict the future.
    Initially, he learned Java and PHP simultaneously. Java powered client-side applications through applets while PHP ran server-side code. The roles have completely reversed now.
    Engaging the Community
    Paul attended his first JavaOne in 2006. "Those were really good times," he says about the early conferences when everything felt big and JavaOne was the only place to learn about Java. Back then, around 20,000 people would travel to San Francisco every year. It was the one and only place to learn what was new in Java. All the major news would be released at JavaOne each year. The world has changed. Now information spreads instantly and continually online, but Paul misses something about those early days.
    The more recent JavaOne conferences offer something different but equally valuable. Paul points to last year's event in Redwood City as a great example. While the conference is still big, it's small enough that attendees can actually talk with the Oracle JDK engineers and have deeper conversations. The folks who work on the JDK and the Java language are all there giving presentations, but they're also totally accessible for hallway chats. "That makes it really interesting," Paul says. This direct access to the people building the platform distinguishes JavaOne from other conferences.
    Java User Groups also played an important role in Paul's development. He lived in the Netherlands before moving to the Bay Area nine years ago. In the Netherlands, the NLJUG (Dutch Java User Group) organized two conferences a year, J-Spring and J-Fall. Paul would go to both every year. That was his place to learn in Europe. He has been continuing that pattern right up until now, which is why he is speaking at JavaOne again.
    Open Source software has also been another major aspect of community for Paul. He has always been active in Open Source because he says it's a fun place to work with people from all over the world solving interesting problems. Besides being a critical part of his professional career, it was also his hobby. Paul says the Open Source aspect with the community behind it is maybe his biggest thing that he really enjoyed over the years.
    AI Throughout Development
    AI now occupies much of Paul's professional focus. At Netflix, engineers use AI tools throughout the development lifecycle. Paul uses Claude Code daily, though other developers prefer Cursor, especially for Python and Node work. Most Java developers at Netflix work with Claude Code. The tools integrate with GitHub for pull request reviews, help find bugs, and assist with analyzing production problems by examining log files.
    Paul describes using AI as having a thinking partner to t all to and code with. Sometimes he needs to bounce ideas around, and the AI gives insights he might have missed or suggests additional issues to consider. For repetitive tasks like copying fields between objects, AI handles the grunt work efficiently. "That's the nice thing about an AI," Paul says. "While a person would probably get really annoyed with all this feedback all the time and like having to repeat the work over and over again, but an AI is like, fine, I'll do it again."
    Go Build a Lot of Stuff!
    When asked about advice for students, Paul's answer comes quickly and has not changed much over the years. "I think what I really recommend is just go and build a lot of stuff," he says. "The way to get to become a better developer is by doing a whole lot of development."
    That's timeless advice students can easily adopt no matter how the modern tools for learning have changed. Paul had to go to a bookstore and buy a book to learn programming. Students today have AI tools to help them and advanced IDEs. But the fundamental principle remains the same, which is to build interesting applications. Paul recommends that students come up with a fun problem and just build it. You learn by making mistakes. You build a system, reach the end, and realize the new codebase already struggles with maintainability. Then you ask what you could have done differently. Those real-life coding experiences teach you how to design code, architect code, and write better code.
    Paul also suggests that students use AI tools but not blindly. Do not just accept whatever an AI generates. Instead, try to understand what came out, how it could have been done differently, and experiment with different approaches. Use the tools available but really understand what is going on and what options you have.
    Some students and even practicing developers worry that advanced tools might eliminate their future role as developers. Paul says that nobody knows exactly how things will look in the future because tools get better almost every day now. But AI tools are just tools. Someone needs to drive them and come up with the ideas they should build. Plus, the tools at present are far from a state where you can hand them a task, never look at it again, and have everything work perfectly. Substantial hand-holding is involved.
    "Is our daily work going to change? Very likely," Paul says. "That's already happening." But he tries to see this change as a positive thing. "It's a new tool that we can use. It makes certain parts of our job more fun, more interesting. You can get more things done in some ways and be open to it."
    Why Java Works
    At the end of the conversation, Paul answered a simple question — Why Java? What makes it great? — with a simple and direct answer: "Java is the perfect balance of developer productivity and runtime performance."
    That balance matters where Paul works at Netflix. But it also matters for students learning their first language, for teams building enterprise applications, and for developers choosing tools that will sustain long careers. Paul's career started with Java applets 20 years ago when he bought a book and started hacking away. The language and platform has evolved dramatically since then, moving from client-side applets to powering massive backend services that stream entertainment to millions globally via Netflix. Through all that change, the core appeal remains — you can build things efficiently for many platforms and those things run fast.
    Paul Bakker: X, LinkedIn
    Duke's Corner Java Podcast: Libsyn
    Jim Grisanzio: X, LinkedIn, Website
  • Duke's Corner

    Marit van Dijk and Anton Arhipov: 25 Years of IntelliJ IDEA

    29/01/2026 | 31 mins.
    This is the second in a short series of speaker profiles for JavaOne 2026 in Redwood Shores, California, March 17-19. Get early bird pricing until February 9, and for a limited time, take advantage of a $100 discount by using this code at checkout: J12026IJN100.
    JavaOne: Register | Sessions
    In this conversation, Jim Grisanzio from Java Developer Relations talks with developer advocates Marit van Dijk and Anton Arhipov from JetBrains about the 25th anniversary of IntelliJ IDEA, the latest features of the IDE, Anton's upcoming session at JavaOne in March, and their perspectives on JavaOne as the premier conference for Java developers.
    25 Years of IntelliJ IDEA
    Just as Java turned 30 this year, IntelliJ IDEA is now 25 years young! Not every technology survives that long, and even fewer thrive while doing it. But both Java and IntelliJ IDEA are doing just that. The secret to this longevity for IntelliJ IDEA, according to Marit van Dijk and Anton Arhipov, comes down to something simple but demanding — staying current with the Java ecosystem and engaging the massive Java development community around the world. The main reason for their success is the huge effort engineered into the platform to produce the technologies that developers need while at the same time staying with all the bleeding edge stuff happening inside the Java community.
    This commitment reaches beyond just supporting new Java versions. The IntelliJ IDEA team works on preview features even though specifications sometimes change during the preview process. When Oracle moved to a six-month release cycle for OpenJDK about eight years ago, IntelliJ adapted smoothly since their teams were already involved with the OpenJDK community. Marit says that new release cycle actually streamlined their work. They already knew about preview features and could start developing support upfront, not at the very last moment. This let them iterate alongside the community rather than chasing after it.
    The company also collaborates directly with other community members — such as framework developers, build tool teams at Maven and Gradle, and even Google — to implement best practices straight into the IDE. Maven 4 is not even released yet, but IntelliJ already has support ready with migration features to help developers make the transition. Anton says that this effort means that support is not only working with the new version of a technology but also being smart about how you use it. The IDE catches outdated patterns and deprecated APIs and also offers quick fixes to migrate code with a single keystroke.
    First and Lasting Impressions
    Both Marit and Anton started working at JetBrains years after they had already become devoted IntelliJ users. Their first impressions of the IDE moved them deeply and remain with them today.
    For Anton, his first reaction to using IntelliJ IDEA was immediate. "In one word, wow, this is smart. This is an IDE that understands code."  That intelligence in the software became the foundation of his relationship with the technology.
    Marit had a similar experience when she switched to IntelliJ IDEA. She had used other IDEs before and they were perfectly fine, but IntelliJ seemed different. "I found that it was actively helpful with the code inspections and quick fixes and helping me when my code didn't compile or preventing me from making mistakes. And I was sad that I didn't switch earlier, like years earlier. And I've been raving about it ever since. And now they pay me to do that. So, you know, everybody wins."
    AI and the Future of Development
    As usual in these conversation, we turned to artificial intelligence and its growing role in software development. Anton will explore this topic in depth at his JavaOne session titled "Spec-Driven Development With AI Agents: From High-Level Requirements to Working Software." Everyone knows that the AI landscape is changing fast, but things are actually getting simpler, Anton says. Developers can now get better results with less effort and less complex workflows using AI agents. Models are improving at guessing developer intent and reducing the need for careful constraint-heavy prompting.
    But Anton sets realistic expectations about AI. When asked whether his session targets junior or senior developers, he says that "we are all juniors in this regard." The field is so new that nobody can claim years of expertise with AI development tools.
    Marit emphasizes another crucial principle about AI-generated code. "You are still responsible for the code," whether you write it or an agent writes it. It has your name on it. AI does not diminish developer accountability or the need for developers to remain highly skilled in their craft.
    Anton adds another dimension about integrating AI with development tools. "AI without the IDE is kind of unreliable, but the IDE without AI is unproductive." The key, he says, is to fuse these things together leveraging the benefits of both for better productivity. The context the IDE provides and its understanding of your project structure and dependencies makes AI suggestions more relevant and actionable.
    JavaOne: Where the Community Comes Together
    Anton will be presenting at JavaOne 2026 in March, and both he and Marit shared their perspectives on what makes the conference special.
    For Marit, JavaOne has always been unique. The "who's who of Java" will be there, she says. Last year's conference-ending "Meet the Architects" panel particularly stood out. The audience could ask Oracle Java architects basically everything about Java for over an hour. This kind of access to the core engineers building and shaping the future of the language is something you would not normally get at any other conference.
    Anton shares his view that JavaOne has always been the conference to get all the news about Java. He has always viewed the event as the place where you get condensed information about what's going on with Java all in one place — the language, the platform, the standards, the frameworks, and the community.
    Community and Looking Forward
    Marit and Anton maintain close relationships with the developer community through conferences and Java User Groups. Marit says that they have many JUGs in the Netherlands, and many of them invite her to come and speak at their meetups throughout the year. Also, when they travel somewhere for a conference, they look for opportunities to combine that trip with local JUGs to speak there and connect with people. This direct engagement with the open Java community lets Marit and Anton talk to developers directly, see how they can help them better, understand what developers are struggling with, and take that feedback back to the engineering teams. The same authenticity extends to how JetBrains approaches IntelliJ development. The engineering team maintains close relationships with framework developers and library maintainers and OpenJDK to ensure that when new versions release, IntelliJ users have good support from day one.
    As IntelliJ IDEA celebrates 25 years, the development continues. They keep releasing new features with every version: the Spring Debugger that helps developers understand their Spring projects at runtime, Command Completion that enables developers to perform commands without memorizing shortcuts, and more. The anniversary celebrations for the teams have included parties with cakes featuring old logos, a game plugin that lets developers play video games while AI generates their code, and social media campaigns engaging the global community. For developers curious about IntelliJ IDEA, Marit and Anton encourage people to subscribe to the JetBrains YouTube channel where they regularly produce videos explaining new features.
    This 25-year milestone represents more than just history. It represents an ongoing commitment to understand code, support developers, build the Java community, and evolve alongside the entire ecosystem. This pattern is pervasive among Java developers and also the many companies offering developers advanced tools. The smart IDE that so impressed Anton and Marit years ago continues to get smarter — right along with many other tools and technologies that are growing as a result of the Java platform itself.
    Anton Arhipov: X , BlueSky, Linkedin
    Marit van Dijk: Website, Linkedin, BlueSky, X 
    Jim Grisanzio: X, Linkedin
    Duke's Corner Java Podcast: Libsyn
    Oracle Java Developer Relations: Inside.java, Dev.Java, Learn.java
    Specific Topics Discussed: IntelliJ IDEA 25th Birthday, The Java Dukes, What's new in IntelliJ IDEA 2025.3, Spring Debugger, Command Completion
  • Duke's Corner

    Jeanne Boyarsky: Get Ready for Java 25 Certification

    21/01/2026 | 16 mins.
    This is the first in a short series of speaker profiles for JavaOne 2026 in Redwood Shores, California, March 17-19. Get early bird pricing until February 9, and for a limited time, take advantage of a $50 discount by using this code at checkout: J12026DCP. Register. Sessions.

    In this conversation, Jim Grisanzio from Java Developer Relations talks with Jeanne Boyarsky, a Java developer, an author, and a Java Champion based in New York City. Jeanne previews her JavaOne session, which will be a Hands on Lab for Java 25 certification. Previously, Jeanne was a guest on Duke's Corner in January 2024: Jeanne Boyarsky on Java, Learning, and Contributing.

    Preparing for Java 25 Certification

    Jeanne will be running a hands-on lab about Java 25 and getting ready for the certification: Becoming One of the First Java 25 Certified Developers in the World (or Learning New Features). The session will cover features added to the language from Java 17 to Java 25. Although the certification has not been announced yet, Jeanne is already preparing for it. "You can be one of the first people in the world to be certified if you come to my talk and learn about it and are ready when the test comes out," she says.

    The lab will walk through tricky questions and edge cases featuring new functionality, with coding practice to explore the features directly. Even if you are not planning to take the certification test, the lab provides a good way to learn about the new features. The session is designed for beginners with one to three years of experience.

    Top Features in Java 25

    Several features particularly excite Jeanne. She highlights scoped values, which she describes as "a good jump from thread local in order to be able to share code in a nice, safe, contained way." She also appreciates unnamed variables and unnamed patterns because developers no longer need to use annotations to suppress warnings for unused variables. "You can just use an underscore," she says.

    Jeanne is particularly interested in stream gatherers because streams are one of her favorite features in Java overall. She was excited when stream gatherers were in preview, and now that they are officially released, she can use them in her job. "Nice that the excitement hasn't worn off, right?"

    Among the new features, Jeanne is especially interested in the new main method, as described in JEP 495: Simple Source Files and Instance Main Methods. "I'm super, super, super excited about the new main methods where you don't need a class and you don't need the whole static void mess," she says. This change makes writing code more succinct.

    Making Java Accessible to Students

    This change in how Java handles the main method enables new developers to learn Java faster. Jeanne volunteers at a high school teaching kids how to code in Java. In the past, teachers had to tell students: "Alright, public class foo, public static void. Don't worry about what any of that means. We'll tell you later." But Jeanne says that curious kids would ask what it meant, and teachers could only say that comes later.

    Now, students start with void main, braces, and IO print line. "It's obvious what everything does," Jeanne says. Void means it does not return anything, which makes sense to students. They can even use the Java Playground and start with just IO print line. When they move to the command line or an IDE, they only need the void main part without discussing the word class until they are ready to learn about classes and objects.

    "It makes their first impression of the language so much better, and it makes it so much faster and easier for them to get started," Jeanne says. She particularly appreciates the Java Playground because students do not need anything installed on their computers to start. They can write print lines, loops, and control structures, and by the time teachers ask them to install something, they are already invested in programming. "It's fun."

    Jeanne calls the Java Playground "awesome" and says it's a "really nice utility" even for experienced developers. She uses it herself for quick tests when she does not want to open an IDE.

    JavaOne on Oracle's Campus

    When asked about JavaOne, Jeanne describes the conference as moving to California last year, just outside San Francisco on Oracle's campus. "The weather was great, which is awesome because I live in New York City. There's snow outside right now," she laughs.

    The venue particularly impressed her. "It was nice because it was on Oracle's campus. You got a feel for it. It was pretty. There was a lake. There was a lot of areas to connect with people inside and outside." The conference was held largely in one building, with lunch in another building nearby, which made it easy to engage people repeatedly. "Even if you don't know people, the fact that they're at JavaOne means they're interested in Java. So, you can go over to anyone and introduce yourself."

    One of Jeanne's favorite memories from a previous JavaOne was meeting Duke and seeing her book in the Java bookstore.

    Advice for Students

    When asked for advice for students learning computer science, Jeanne recommends learning the fundamentals while using AI to help. "Rather than using AI to write the code, have it give you practice questions or do code review or ideas of projects," she suggests.

    Students also often ask what professional developers do daily. Her answer provides a realistic picture of professional software development. "Every day is a little bit different, but most days include a mix of meetings, working with my coworkers, code reviews, writing code, now with AI," she says. Problem solving takes many forms, from performance questions like "Why is this slow?" to security concerns about making systems more secure.

    A significant part of her role involves understanding what users actually need. "A lot of the time users ask for what they think they want and not what they actually want," Jeanne says. Through user interviews, she works to understand what they are trying to accomplish, which often leads to better solutions than what they initially requested. "So not just building what you're told is a huge thing, especially as you become more senior in your career," she says. The goal is to make users productive and happy, not just to code.

    Technology keeps changing, and for Jeanne, that constant evolution makes the work fun. She has embraced AI tools as coding assistants, using them for pair programming, generating tests, and suggesting next steps. When her team piloted coding assistants, they focused on choosing a tool rather than waiting for the perfect tool. "The important thing is to get a tool and get people going and using it and being more productive," she says. The learning curve is not high, and the tools pay for themselves almost immediately.

    However, Jeanne says that it's important to understand what you are doing rather than using AI to replace that understanding. "It's about understanding what you're doing and not using the AI to replace it because at least with the coding assistance, it's right 90, 95% of the time," she says. She talked about an example of asking AI to generate a regular expression while pairing with a junior programmer. The AI started writing it properly but then made an error. "I noticed it right away because I know what correct is," she says. After giving it another prompt with a hint, it produced the correct result. Without knowing what correct looks like, developers cannot effectively verify and fix AI-generated code.

    The AI Hype Cycle

    Regarding concerns about AI making developers obsolete, Jeanne is pragmatic. "I've heard that enough times that I'm a little skeptical," she says, adding that this is the third or fourth time some technology has been predicted to take all the jobs. Instead, she sees AI as enabling developers to accomplish more and make users happier. She has a big backlog "that goes on forever." She says it would be great if we could get more of it done and in the hands of customers.

    "I think we're at that phase in the hype cycle for AI where people are talking about AI like it solves all your problems, [but] it solves some of your problems. But because there's less acknowledgement of the ones it doesn't solve, it's easier to have that skepticism." When asked if AI represents a paradigm shift or just the latest tool, she responds: "Right now, I think it's the latest tool, but I do think we're going to get to the point where we're programming at a higher level."

    Connect with Jeanne: X, LinkedIn, Bluesky

    Connect with Jim: X, LinkedIn

    Duke's Corner Java Podcast: Libsyn

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About Duke's Corner

Duke's Corner is a forum for conversations with Java developers. Tune in to connect with the community and learn how developers are innovating with Java around the world. Host: Jim Grisanzio, Oracle Java Developer Relations @jimgris
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