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340 – Can Clients Ask You to Delete Their Data?
Supporting Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse - Carl Rogers'Seven Stages of Process In Episode 340 of the Counselling Tutor Podcast, your hosts Rory Lees-Oakes and Ken Kelly take us through this week’s three topics: Firstly, in ‘Ethical, Sustainable Practice’, we look at the question: Can clients ask you to delete their data? - covering legal, ethical, and practical considerations. Then in ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Jeremy Sachs about supporting male survivors of sexual abuse, with a focus on the intersectional challenges they face and practical considerations for therapists. And finally, in ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken explain and simplify Carl Rogers' Seven Stages of Process, highlighting how this core theory maps client growth in therapy. Can Clients Ask You to Delete Their Data? [starts at 03:26 mins] In this section, Rory and Ken address a challenging but important question: Can clients ask you to delete their data? Key points discussed include: Under UK GDPR (Article 17), clients have the "right to erasure" (right to be forgotten), but it’s not absolute. You may decline deletion if: The data is required for legal obligations, such as tax or insurance records. You need the data to defend against complaints or for safeguarding purposes. Deleting data prematurely could leave you without a defence if a client complains later or if you are required to provide records to legal authorities or coroners. Good practice includes: Explaining data retention policies in your contract. Consulting the ICO (Information Commissioner’s Office) for UK-based practitioners. Documenting decisions with written evidence from insurers or data protection authorities. Consider using a split-note system to separate identifying details from case notes. How long should client data be kept after therapy ends? (Commonly six years for adults, up to age 25 for children). Supporting Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse [starts at 23:53 mins] In ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Jeremy Sachs, therapist and author of the upcoming book Masculinity Reconnected, about male sexual abuse and its often-overlooked challenges. Key points discussed include: Societal silence: Male survivors often go unheard due to cultural narratives about masculinity, strength, and emotional repression. The role of masculinity: Traditional masculinity can prevent men from seeking help. Men may internalise shame and avoid vulnerability. "Toxic masculinity" can further oppress male survivors. Intersectionality: Men experience sexual abuse differently based on race, gender identity, class, or sexuality. Therapists must recognise these layers when supporting clients. Supporting survivors: Create safe, validating spaces for male clients to share their stories. Explore how societal expectations and cultural messaging impact their healing. Encourage community and connection to reduce isolation. Carl Rogers' Seven Stages of Process [starts at 45:40 mins] In ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken simplify Carl Rogers’ Seven Stages of Process, a key person-centred theory describing how clients grow through therapy. Key points include: The seven stages map a client’s journey from rigidity to fluidity - from defensiveness to openness and self-trust. Stages explained: Rigidity & Defensiveness – Blaming others, avoiding self-awareness. External Recognition – Acknowledging problems exist but externalising them. Tentative Self-Exploration – Starting to discuss personal feelings. Here-and-Now Feelings – Becoming present-focused, seeking involvement in therapy. Ownership & Change – Taking control and committing to change. Experiencing Fully – Accepting emotions in real-time and trusting the inner self. Self-Actualisation – Living authentically and growing beyond therapy. Most therapy takes place between stages 3–5,
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339 – Dual Relationships in Counselling and Psychotherapy
Practising Good Self-care – What is My Counselling Philosophy? In Episode 339 of the Counselling Tutor Podcast, your hosts Rory Lees-Oakes and Ken Kelly take us through this week’s three topics: Firstly, in ‘Ethical, Sustainable Practice’, we explore the potential dangers of dual relationships in counselling and psychotherapy – how they arise, the ethical implications, and strategies to manage them appropriately. Then in ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Sally Anne Armitage about her lecture on practising good self-care – a vital skill for therapists at every stage of their careers. And finally, in ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken reflect on the importance of defining and understanding your personal counselling philosophy as a student and practitioner. Dual Relationships in Counselling and Psychotherapy [starts at 03:29 mins] This week’s topic explores the often-overlooked issue of dual relationships in counselling and psychotherapy – where a therapist has another connection to their client beyond the therapeutic one. Key points discussed include: A dual relationship can involve personal, social, familial, educational, or professional overlap with a client. Common examples include supervising someone you’ve worked with as a client, counselling friends, or working within the same family or organisation. These relationships can: Break confidentiality boundaries Lead to power imbalances Create confusion around the therapist’s role Undermine objectivity and the therapeutic alliance Ethical bodies (BACP, UKCP, NCPS) acknowledge that dual relationships sometimes arise, especially in smaller communities or training contexts, but they must be handled with extreme care. Dual relationships can damage trust, blur boundaries, and even cause clients to leave therapy prematurely if not managed appropriately. Practising Good Self-care [starts 27:13 mins] In this week’s ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Sally Anne Armitage about her recent lecture on practising good self-care – a core component of professional resilience. Key points of the conversation include: Self-care is essential but often neglected by therapists. It must be intentional and planned, not left to chance. There’s a key difference between leisure and self-care – some activities (like scrolling social media) may distract rather than restore. Self-care involves reconnecting the mind and body e.g. noticing when you're tired, hungry, or overwhelmed and responding accordingly. Listening to the body’s cues helps prevent burnout, irritability, and emotional exhaustion. Technology and social media can disconnect us from physical awareness e.g. ignoring hunger, tiredness, or the need for rest. Practical self-care suggestions: Looking at greenery or distant views for improved mental health Listening to the body’s signals (e.g. when to rest, eat, pause) Saying "no" when needed to preserve emotional capacity Recognising early signs of fatigue, such as withdrawal or irritability What is My Counselling Philosophy? [starts at 51:54 mins] In this final section, Rory and Ken explore the topic: What is my Counselling Philosophy? A question that may come up in training and supervision. Key points include: A counselling philosophy reflects your personal values, modality, and beliefs about therapeutic work. It answers: “What do I stand for as a practitioner?” and “How do I understand and approach therapy?” For person-centred therapists, it may include concepts like unconditional positive regard, trust in the process, and self-actualisation. Your philosophy may evolve over time with experience and reflection. Ethical practice means being aware of your values while respecting and prioritising the client’s world and truth. Don’t leave your fingerprints on the client - let them develop in their own way.
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338 – Supporting Suicidal Clients
REBT for Pain Management and Exercise - Counselling Skills Feedback In Episode 338 of the Counselling Tutor Podcast, your hosts Rory Lees-Oakes and Ken Kelly take us through this week’s three topics: Firstly, in ‘Ethical, Sustainable Practice’, we explore the essential and sensitive topic of supporting suicidal clients – discussing how therapists can respond ethically and effectively, including risk assessment and safety planning. Then in ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Ruth Hill about her lecture on REBT for pain management and exercise – blending cognitive therapy with physical wellbeing to support client recovery. And lastly, in ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken discuss the importance of receiving and using counselling skills feedback – helping you get the most from peer observations and strengthen your skills in training. Supporting Suicidal Clients [starts at 03:29 mins] In this section, Rory and Ken discuss the sensitive but important issue of supporting suicidal clients, and how to respond appropriately in therapy. Key points discussed include: Suicidal ideation can range from passing thoughts to detailed planning. All expressions should be taken seriously. Risk factors include mental health diagnoses (e.g. depression, bipolar disorder), substance abuse, previous attempts, bereavement, and neurodivergence (particularly autism). Warning signs may present as hopelessness, withdrawal, giving away possessions, or even sudden mood improvements. Therapists should feel confident in: Asking direct, nonjudgmental questions Assessing risk through clarity on plans and means Creating collaborative safety plans with clients Intervention may include providing helpline details, referring to a GP, or involving other services – guided by your therapeutic contract. Documentation, supervision, and appropriate CPD are all essential to ensure ethical and competent practice. REBT for Pain Management and Exercise [starts at 42:15 mins] In this week’s ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Ruth Hill about her lecture on REBT (Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy), and how it can be used to support pain management and exercise. The key points of this conversation include: REBT explores irrational beliefs and helps clients reframe unhelpful thoughts (e.g. “I can’t cope with this pain” becomes “I don’t want this pain, but I can cope with it”). Beliefs around pain often increase suffering and decrease motivation. Therapists can help clients notice and challenge cognitive distortions like catastrophising, black-and-white thinking, and mind-reading. Avoidance and guarding behaviour can worsen pain and increase deconditioning. Exercise can be reintroduced gently and collaboratively. Therapists should explore client history around movement – school PE experiences, family values, or previous injuries can shape limiting beliefs. Exercise doesn’t have to mean running a marathon – it could mean stretching, walking, or visualising movement to reconnect mind and body. Counselling Skills Feedback [starts at 01:05:57 mins] In this section, Rory and Ken explore how to receive and use feedback on counselling skills, a vital part of developing as a student practitioner. Key points include: In triad skills sessions, the “client” should give feedback first, followed by the observer. Keep feedback constructive – use statements like “I wonder what might have happened if…” instead of criticism. Use observation forms to stay focused – reflect on specific skills such as silence, open questions, or paraphrasing. Sandwich suggestions between two pieces of positive feedback. Not all feedback is right – look for consistent patterns before making major changes. Recording practice sessions can help spot what worked well and what could be improved. Feedback isn’t just about ticking boxes – it’s about deepening empathy, timing,
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337 – Talking to Children About Death
iCloud Changes and Client Confidentiality – Dealing with DNAs in Placement and Practice In Episode 337 of the Counselling Tutor Podcast, your hosts Rory Lees-Oakes and Ken Kelly take us through this week’s three topics: Firstly, in ‘Ethical, Sustainable Practice’, we explore how to talk to children about death – covering developmental understanding, appropriate language, and how to support children through bereavement. Then in ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Catherine Knibbs about changes in Apple’s encryption policy and what this means for therapists in terms of data protection and confidentiality. And lastly, in ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken discuss how to respond when a client does not attend a session, particularly while you’re on placement. Talking to Children About Death [starts at 03:26 mins] Talking to children about death is a delicate but vital topic. In this section, Rory and Ken offer guidance on how to approach this with compassion and clarity. Key points discussed include: Begin the conversation by referencing nature - trees, animals, and seasons can help young children start to understand the cycle of life and death. Avoid euphemisms such as “gone to sleep” or “passed away” - these can be confusing and potentially distressing. Children under 5 may not grasp the permanence of death. They may show their grief through regression, clinginess, or confusion. Children between 5 and 11 are more aware but may still not fully understand. They often ask the same questions repeatedly to process the information. Magical thinking can lead a child to believe their actions or thoughts caused a death - therapists and caregivers must gently challenge this. William Worden’s “12 Needs of a Bereaved Child” mention the need for clear and honest information, routine, and emotional expression. iCloud Changes and Client Confidentiality [starts at 24:04 mins] In this week’s Practice Matters, Rory speaks with Catherine Knibbs about the recent removal of Advanced Data Protection from Apple iCloud in the UK, and how this impacts therapists. The key points of this conversation include: iCloud’s end-to-end encryption has been removed in the UK, meaning data stored in iCloud is more easily accessible by government agencies. Therapists who use Apple devices may unknowingly store sensitive client data (notes, recordings) in the cloud. It’s now more important than ever to review your device settings and understand where your client data is going. If you're recording sessions, use dedicated offline devices like a dictaphone rather than mobile phones that automatically sync to the cloud. Be aware of auto-backups on apps and devices, and take steps to disable them if needed. Therapists must now adopt a more technologically informed stance on client confidentiality, reviewing not just clinical practice but also data storage and device use. Dealing with DNAs in Placement and Practice [starts at 49:30 mins] Do Not Attends (DNAs) are a common part of placement and professional practice. In this section, Rory and Ken reflect on how to respond both practically and emotionally. Main points include: It’s normal for clients to miss sessions, especially in the early stages of therapy or during times of personal crisis. As a student, it’s easy to take a DNA personally, but it’s rarely about you - clients may not be ready, or other life factors may have intervened. Use the time to reflect, do coursework, or engage in self-care. Some placement providers use systems to reduce DNAs, such as text reminders or follow-up calls. Take these experiences into supervision to gain support and insight. Clients may only attend one session, but even a single meeting can offer value. It’s part of your development to work through these moments professionally and reflectively. Links and Resources https://www.childrenandtech.co.uk/
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336 – Building your Counselling CV
Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) – Reviewing Client Progress In Episode 336 of the Counselling Tutor Podcast, your hosts Rory Lees-Oakes and Ken Kelly take us through this week’s three topics: Firstly, in ‘Ethical, Sustainable Practice’, we look at building your counselling CV – including key features to include, ways to stand out, and how to present yourself professionally. Then in ‘Practice Matters’, Rory speaks with Nicola Durrant about working with clients who have Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) – a profile on the autism spectrum that requires a unique and flexible therapeutic approach. And lastly in ‘Student Services’, Rory and Ken look at how to review a client’s progress in therapy – and why it’s an important part of ethical and effective practice. Building your Counselling CV [starts at 03:31 mins] A counselling CV is your first professional impression – and it should reflect not only your qualifications but also your values and personal qualities. In this section, Rory and Ken explore what makes an effective and authentic CV: Start by making sure it’s well-structured and no more than 2–4 pages. Tailor it to each job, making sure you reflect the ethos of the organisation you’re applying to. Be honest about your experience, but also include transferable skills such as active listening, communication, and resilience. Include professional memberships, ethical awareness, and a commitment to personal development. A personal statement can be a great way to communicate your motivation, values, and readiness for the role. If you’ve done any research or CPD, mention this too – especially if it aligns with the organisation’s client group or focus. Ask a peer or supervisor to read your CV and give feedback – having a second pair of eyes helps spot anything you may have missed. Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) [starts at 29:46 mins] In this week’s Practice Matters, Rory speaks with Nicola Durrant about Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) – a profile on the autism spectrum characterised by a high level of anxiety around everyday demands. The key points of this conversation include: PDA is a survival response to perceived demands – it is not about control or defiance. People with PDA often mask their anxiety, especially in school or social environments, and release it later in safe spaces like home. Therapy must be collaborative and low-pressure – avoid direct demands and use invitational language like “I wonder if…” Strategies such as co-regulation, emotional literacy, and flexible structure help support clients with PDA. Trauma-informed practice is essential – the behaviours often resemble trauma responses such as fight, flight, or freeze. Adults with PDA don’t outgrow it – they learn how to manage demands and environments that help them feel safe and in control. Reviewing Client Progress [starts at 54:29 mins] Reviewing client progress is a core part of ethical practice, particularly in short-term therapy or student placements. In this section, Rory and Ken look at why reviews are important and how to approach them: Reviews allow the client to reflect on progress, clarify goals, and express what has been helpful or challenging. This also supports therapist development and helps guide future sessions. You can carry out a review through conversation or using tools like the CORE-10 assessment. Let clients know at the start that a review will happen mid-way through the work – this makes it feel natural and expected. Adapt the review timing to the client’s progress and needs – it doesn’t have to be exactly session six. Ask questions like “How do you feel things are going so far?” or “Is there anything you’d like to change or focus on more?” Use supervision to reflect on what comes up in client reviews – this can strengthen your awareness and planning for the second half of therapy.
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