The Last Theory

Physics, the way we’ve thought about it for the last few hundred years, requires us to make assumptions about time.
In our old way of thinking, just as we must assume three axes of space – scales along which we can measure what’s where – so we must assume an axis of time – a scale along which we can measure what happens when.
It doesn’t matter whether, like Newton, we assume an absolute scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a giant clock in the sky, or whether, like Einstein, we assume a relative scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a tiny clock in each and every reference frame.
Either way, we must assume an axis of time.
Wolfram Physics, on the other hand, doesn’t require us to make anyassumptions about time.
We need only posit the application of rules to the nodes and edges of the hypergraph, and time emerges.
The evolution of the hypergraph is time...
...which gives us a profound clue, not just to the nature of time, but to the nature of the universe.
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References
The canonical mass of a neutron star is 1.4 solar masses
The mass of the Sun is 1.988416 × 10^30 kg
The mass of a neutron is 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg
So the number of neutrons in a neutron star, assuming neutron stars are made entirely of neutrons (which they’re not), is 1.4 × 1.988416 × 10^30 kg / 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg ~ 10^57
Credits
Pulsar animation by Michael Kramer licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
Retina image by د.مصطفى الجزار licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0
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The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.
The full article is here.
Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

Different observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways.
To what extent can these different observers communicate their different experiences?
Can dogs, with their olefactory ways of mapping their worlds through scent, truly understand humans, with our one-dimensional ways of mapping our world through language?
Can humans, with our one-dimensional streams of language, truly understand AI image generators, with their parallel diffusion models?
If we ever met aliens, would we be able to communicate with them?
How might it be to think like an alien?
Stephen Wolfram explores some of the mind-bending implications of different regions of the ruliad giving rise to different experiences of the universe. 
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Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram
The Wolfram Physics Project
Wolfram Institute
Wolfram Institute Community Discord
References
Ruliad definition
Ruliad article
—
The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.
Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

The ruliad is every possible computation. What could you possibly say about such an enormous, all-encompassing object?
Well, that’s where we come in.
Particular observers sample the ruliad in particular ways.
Observers like us sample the ruliad in ways that give rise to physics as weknow it.
Ruliad + observer = physics.
In this excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he explores how physics, mathematics and biology all arise from this same enormous, all-encompassing object, the ruliad.
He gets to aliens, too, asking such provocative questions as how far from us in rulial space are the nearest aliens?
—
Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram
The Wolfram Physics Project
Wolfram Institute
Wolfram Institute Community Discord
References
Ruliad definition
Ruliad article
Second Law of Thermodynamics article
Second Law of Thermodynamics history
Metamathematics article
Metamathematics book
Biological evolution article
Biological evolution follow-up
Computational irreducibility
—
The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.
Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

The hypergraphs generated by Wolfram Physics are complex and chaotic.
The multiway graphs that trace every possible evolution of these hypergraphs become extremely complex and extremely chaotic after only a few iterations.
The causal graphs that plot which of the events in these multiway graphs has to happen before which of the other events look like spaghetti.
If we’re going to find mass/energy or momentum in Wolfram Physics – or special relativity or general relativity or quantum mechanics – then the causal graph is the place to look.
But if we’re going to have to find all of physics in a causal graph that looks like spaghetti, then I give up.
If we’re going to find all of physics in the causal graph, then we’re going to have to simplify.

How to simplify the causal graph?
Two ways:
use a simpler rule; and
collapse multiple nodes representing the same event into a singlenode.
Don’t worry, by the time we’re done, that’ll all make sense!
This is the pivotal episode in my exploration of Wolfram Physics. It establishes a firm foundation what comes next. From here on, we’ll be able to make serious progress... towards mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.
—
The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.
The full article is here.
Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind.
Where am I?
It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard.
For The Last Theory, I’ve been working on a long episode, more involved than any I’ve ever made, and more important than any I’ve ever made.
It’ll unlock mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.
And I’ve been working on Open Web Mind, too, making serious progress towards launch.
So I’m sorry for the delay, but it’ll be worth the wait.
In the meantime, make sure you’re subscribed to my newsletters at lasttheory.com and openwebmind.com to be the first to know when the train’s leaving the station.

—
The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind
I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.
Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.