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Clinical Changemakers

Inspiring Clinicians to Thrive
Clinical Changemakers
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  • The Rise, Fall, and AI-Powered Rebirth of Evidence-Based Medicine | Dr. Richard Lehman & Dr. Raj Mehta
    “You know, what if they were to actually put it’s [AI] mind to a science of practical compassion for everybody?… if the right machines were to come along and help us do it, that's going to be a fabulous thing.”Dr Richard Lehman is a retired GP from Oxfordshire who had a "ringside seat" to the birth of evidence-based medicine, previously held academic positions at Oxford and Yale, later becoming Professor of Shared Understanding of Medicine at the University of Birmingham. Dr Raj Mehta is a physician and evidence-based medicine educator who views EBM as essential heuristics for discerning truth in clinical practice. Together, they bring decades of experience wrestling with how we know what works in medicine, from the historical foundations laid by James Lind's scurvy trials to the AI revolution that promises to transform how we synthesise and apply medical evidence.Key TakeawaysTruth-seeking requires method, not just conviction: Before EBM, medicine operated largely on "conviction-based" approaches collected in massive textbooks. The shift to systematic evidence evaluation transformed how we separate opinion from fact in clinical practice.Numbers Needed to Treat illuminate magnitude: Tools like NNT help clinicians and patients understand effect sizes. Context and timeframe matter enormously.AI could democratise and personalise evidence: Rather than replacing doctors, AI might enable real-time synthesis of evidence matched to individual patients, creating feedback loops between treatments and outcomes at an unprecedented scale.The evidence map has gaps and mountains: Current evidence is like an 18th-century road atlas - some areas well-mapped, others blank. AI could be the "sat nav system" for medicine that acknowledges uncertainty while guiding decisions.Social determinants still trump beta blockers: While we refine molecular treatments, the biggest health impacts remain at the policy level - safe neighbourhoods, warm homes, and social conditions. Medicine must embrace "practical compassion" beyond prescriptions.Where to Find Our Guests* Dr. Richard Lehman (X/Twitter)* Dr. Raj Mehta (X/Twitter)In This Episode00:00 - Introduction: Why evidence-based medicine matters now more than ever02:54 - The scientific method in medicine: Discerning truth from fiction in clinical practice06:06 - James Lind and scurvy: The 200-year gap between discovery and adoption12:01 - Bradford Hill and the RCT revolution: Moving from mechanism to measurement14:29 - Richard's ringside view: When "evidence-based medicine" arrived in Oxford19:10 - The limits of population evidence: Why Numbers Needed to Treat aren't enough22:39 - Shared decision-making complexity: The overwhelming challenge of multimorbidity26:00 - The AI revolution: From medical scribes to comprehensive evidence synthesis29:39 - Patient empowerment in the age of monetised medicine36:43 - The pre-Copernican challenge: Are we just getting better at measuring the wrong thing?39:01 - China as a sandbox: Where innovation might overtake Silicon Valley44:54 - Beyond beta blockers: Why social determinants still matter most54:10 - COVID-19's mixed report card: EBM's triumphs and failures in crisis59:04 - Communicating uncertainty: The topographical map of medical evidence1:01:39 - Looking forward: Why this is a "fabulous time in medicine"Referenced* Richard Lehman’s weekly review of medical journals (Link)* James Lind Library (Link)* Richard Lehman on Evidence-Based Medicine (Podcast)* The RECOVERY Trial (COVID-19 treatment comparison) (Link)ContactIf you have any feedback, questions or if you'd like to get in touch, reach out at [email protected] Attribution: Music by AudioCoffee from Pixabay.😯 Hey there!Found this discussion on evidence-based medicine thought-provoking? Share it with your colleagues and discuss your take on the current state of evidence based medicine. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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  • Scaling Evidence-Based Medicine Across 630,000 sq Miles | Dr Raj Srivastava (Chief Clinical Programs Officer, Intermountain Health)
    "When the frontline feels we're actually offering, 'what do you need? What are the resources we can help?' We'll co-create. Of course, they don't have the control of the resources or some decisions, but that's what executives can do."Dr. Raj Srivastava is a pediatrician, health system leader, and implementation science researcher, serving as Chief Clinical Programs Officer at Intermountain Health. With an MPH from Harvard and over two decades of experience transforming healthcare delivery, Dr. Srivastava has pioneered approaches to scaling evidence-based practices across one of America's largest health systems, which spans 630,000 square miles (roughly the size of France, Germany, Spain, and the UK combined) and employs 64,000 people. From his early work mapping 150 million lab results across six children's hospitals to his current role orchestrating clinical transformation across 33 emergency departments, he brings unique insights into why healthcare struggles to implement best practices and how to overcome these challenges through learning health systems.Key TakeawaysCo-creation beats imposition: Successful implementation requires working with frontline staff to understand their needs rather than imposing solutions. When clinicians feel heard and involved in designing solutions, resistance melts away.Learning health systems require discipline: It's not just about having data or technology - it's about creating systematic approaches to identify what works, scale it appropriately, and sustain improvements over time using scientific methods.Start with the problem, not the solution: Too often, healthcare gets excited about new technologies (EMRs, AI, big data) without first understanding the specific problems frontline staff face in delivering evidence-based care.Systematic vs. one-off barriers: Distinguishing between system-wide challenges (like data infrastructure) and location-specific issues is crucial for effective problem-solving and resource allocation.Trust enables speed: Building strong interpersonal relationships and psychological safety among leadership teams dramatically accelerates implementation. The "meeting before the meeting" matters.Where to Find Dr. Raj Srivastava* LinkedInIn This Episode00:00 - Introduction and why evidence-based medicine is so hard to implement in daily practice04:47 - The gap between medical training aspirations and healthcare system reality07:31 - Moving from descriptive research to application-based implementation science09:05 - Transforming patient handoffs to reduce harm across multiple sites19:32 - Systematic barriers and facilitators: Moving beyond "AI will solve everything"23:53 - Addressing health equity through targeted subpopulation analysis33:38 - "Build it and they won't come": The importance of co-creation and marketing35:24 - Creating repeatable, scalable pathways for clinical improvement at enterprise scale39:07 - Governance structures for managing clinical transformation across 630,000 square miles41:23 - The power of pre-meeting communication and building executive trustReferenced* Increasing Adherence to Evidence-Based Clinical Practice (Paper)* Intermountain Health, Health Delivery Institute (Link)* Intermountain Health, Leadership Institute (Link)ContactIf you have any feedback, questions or if you'd like to get in touch, reach out at [email protected] Attribution: Music by AudioCoffee from Pixabay.🙋‍♂️Hey there!Want to help me out? Share this in your team group chat if you know someone who'd benefit! Thank you for your support. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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  • How One Doctor's Career Pivot Inspired 25,000 Others to Rethink Medicine | Dr. Amandeep Hansra (Founder, Investor & Chief Clinical Adviser)
    "At the end of the day, we don't really invest as much into products as we do into people. It's the people behind the products that are going to make the product successful"Dr. Amandeep Hansra is a general practitioner turned health tech entrepreneur, advisor, and investor, founder of the Creative Careers in Medicine community (with over 25,000 members), co-founder of Australian Medical Angels and is the Chief Clinical Adviser for the Australian Digital Health Agency. From accidentally falling into telehealth to building virtual care services across Australia and Asia, Dr. Hansra has spent her career at the intersection of clinical practice and technology innovation. Her work with Medical Angels provides crucial funding and expertise to health tech startups, while her community platform showcases the diverse career paths available to medical professionals beyond traditional clinical roles.Key TakeawaysSay yes to unexpected opportunities: Career pivots often happen by accident - being open to opportunities outside your planned path can lead to transformative experiences and skills you never knew you needed.Networking is essential but different for doctors: Medical professionals aren't taught to network, but being visible in health tech communities and conferences is crucial for discovering non-traditional opportunities.Regulation vs. innovation balance: Health tech faces unique challenges in evidence generation and regulation that differ from those of pharmaceuticals, requiring new approaches to safety while not stifling innovation.People over products in investing: When investing in health tech startups, the founding team matters more than the initial product. Mission-driven founders with clinical awareness are more likely to succeed.In This Episode* 00:35 - Accidental entry into digital health: from GP to telehealth pioneer* 04:13 - The power of saying yes: building a portfolio career through opportunities* 06:45 - Creating community: building Creative Careers in Medicine from scratch* 10:25 - Global burnout crisis: why 70-80% of doctors wouldn't recommend medicine to their children* 15:26 - Investment challenges: why health tech struggles to attract traditional VCs* 19:40 - Evidence standards: adapting pharmaceutical rigour to rapidly evolving technology* 25:23 - Regulatory sweet spot: balancing safety with innovation accessibility* 29:32 - What investors look for: mission-driven teams over hockey-stick projections* 32:42 - Corporate vs startup innovation: lessons from building inside Telstra* 39:31 - Global expansion: how the same product succeeds differently across health systems* 47:07 - Exit strategies: why health tech doesn't follow traditional pathwaysReferenced* Creative Careers in Medicine* Australian Medical AngelsContactIf you have any feedback, questions or if you'd like to get in touch, reach out at [email protected] Attribution: Music by AudioCoffee from Pixabay😄 Enjoying Clinical Changemakers?Help other healthcare professionals discover these inspiring stories! Share this episode with a colleague who's ready to think differently about their career. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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  • A Philosopher-Physician's Fight To Reclaim Medicine's Soul | Dr. Vikas Saini (President of Lown Institute)
    "The enterprise of medicine has both scientific and moral dimensions, and they're inextricably balanced"Dr Vikas Saini is a Cardiologist and President of the Lown Institute, where he leads a non-partisan think tank advocating bold ideas for a just and caring system for health. With a unique background combining philosophy and medicine, Dr. Saini has spent decades examining the intersection of ethics, evidence, and economics in healthcare. His work on the Social Responsibility Index challenges traditional hospital rankings by measuring what truly matters: equity, value, and patient outcomes rather than reputation and revenue.Key TakeawaysPhilosophy enables systemic healthcare thinking: A philosophical background provides tools to step back and examine healthcare's "water" - the invisible assumptions and frameworks that shape medical practice and policy decisions.Healthcare is fundamentally a moral enterprise: While science guides medical decisions, the uncertainty inherent in complex human systems requires ethical frameworks. The profession exists to serve others, making moral dimensions inseparable from scientific ones.20-30% of healthcare may be unnecessary: From procedures lacking evidence to system inefficiencies driving unnecessary hospitalisations, overuse represents a massive opportunity for improvement - but requires paradigm shifts, not just cutting services.Hospital consolidation hasn't improved care: Despite promises of efficiency, consolidation has primarily raised prices while hospitals increasingly operate like businesses, with some running billion-dollar hedge funds rather than focusing on community health.Where to Find Dr. Vikas Saini* LinkedInIn This Episode00:08 - Philosophy's influence: learning to think about thinking in healthcare02:45 - Healthcare as a moral and scientific enterprise: beyond the science11:13 - The penicillin paradigm trap: why silver bullets fail for chronic disease15:13 - Individual patients vs population means: the clinician's dilemma19:15 - The culture of "doing something": when waiting is the hardest medicine23:24 - Longitudinal care and efficiency: why more time means better outcomes25:33 - Measuring overuse: from clear waste to uncertain benefits30:36 - Why Choosing Wisely hasn't moved the needle significantly34:28 - Policy opportunities: professional self-regulation over bureaucratic control38:49 - Origins of the Social Responsibility Index: beyond reputation rankings43:29 - Nonprofit hospitals acting like businesses: when mission meets margins46:00 - Hospital consolidation: King Kong vs Godzilla, with patients trampled50:58 - Advice for clinicians: taking up the cause of patients in systemic changeReferenced* Abraham Flexner and the 1910 Flexner Report (Original Report)* Dr. Bernard Lown (Profile)* Continuity in general practice as a predictor of mortality, acute hospitalisation, and use of out-of-hours care: a registry-based observational study in Norway (Paper)* Choosing Wisely (Website)* Lown Institute's Social Responsibility Index (Website)ContactContact Information: If you have any feedback, questions or if you'd like to get in touch, reach out at [email protected] Attribution: Music by AudioCoffee from Pixabay👍 Enjoying Clinical Changemakers?This is a one-man band, and I need your help for this to be sustainable. If this episode sparked something for you, please share it with a friend or colleague. Thank you! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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  • Goal-Oriented Healthcare: Breaking Free from the Problem-Focused Paradigm | Dr. James Mold (University of Oklahoma)
    "The way to prevent cascades is to keep your eye on the goal, to understand what you're trying to accomplish and not to go down rabbit holes chasing abnormalities, but rather to be focused on the outcome that you're looking for."Dr James W. Mold is a family medicine physician, geriatrician, researcher and academic with a Master of Public Health degree and is Professor Emeritus at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centre. His pioneering research focuses on transforming healthcare from a problem-oriented to a goal-oriented paradigm, addressing the limitations of traditional problem-focused approaches. For over 20 years, in collaboration with the Oklahoma Physicians Resource/Research Network (OKPRN), Dr Mold has completed more than 75 major projects, resulting in more than 100 publications.Key TakeawaysClinical cascades are preventable through goal focus: Unnecessary medical interventions often cascade from initial anxiety-driven decisions. Maintaining focus on patient outcomes rather than chasing every abnormality prevents harmful escalation.The problem-oriented paradigm has reached its limits: While effective for acute, single problems, traditional disease-focused medicine struggles with the reality that all patients have multiple risk factors and complex needs.Four universal healthcare goals exist naturally: Every patient wants to survive as long as possible, maintain quality of life, have a good death, and continue personal growth—goals that require individual understanding rather than standardised approaches.Practice-based research networks bridge the research-practice gap: Successful implementation requires trusting practitioners, addressing their real-world questions, and providing ongoing facilitation support rather than just education.Goal-oriented care is more satisfying and effective: This approach makes medicine more enjoyable for providers while resonating strongly with patients, though system constraints make adoption challenging.Where to Find Dr James Mold* LinkedInIn This Episode01:07 - Early experiences in family medicine and the humanising revolution05:40 - Transition from family practice to academic geriatrics10:31 - The cascade effect: when one decision spirals into unnecessary care15:32 - Building practice-based research networks and learning from practitioners22:00 - Implementation research and the "aeroplane repair in mid-flight" challenge26:45 - The problem-oriented paradigm: how we got here and why it's failing33:57 - Goal-oriented healthcare: the four universal goals every patient has40:47 - Implementation challenges and global adoption of goal-oriented careReferenced* The Cascade Effect in the Clinical Care of Patients (Paper)* Goal-Oriented Prevention: How to Fit a Square Peg into a Round Hole (Paper)* The Law of Diminishing Returns in Clinical Medicine: How Much Risk Reduction is Enough? (Paper)* Thomas Kuhn's "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" (Book)* Failure of the Problem-Oriented Medical Paradigm and a Person-Centred Alternative (Paper)* Oklahoma Physicians Resource Research Network (Link)* Practice-based research network methodology (Link)ContactContact Information: If you have any feedback, questions or if you'd like to get in touch, reach out at [email protected]👍 Hey there - if you're enjoying this episode, make sure you share it with a friend! Thank you for your support. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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About Clinical Changemakers

Clinicians have trained in the art and science of medicine, and yet feel powerless to make a meaningful impact on the healthcare system. Clinical Changemakers is the podcast looking to bridge this gap by exploring inspiring stories of leadership, innovation and so much more. To learn more and join the conversation, visit: www.clinicalchangemakers.com www.clinicalchangemakers.com
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